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A universal approach to construct low-resistance oxide layer by multiple tunnelling paths is proposed for efficient and durable Si-based photocathode. This approach can speed up the pace of development of practical photoelectrochemical devices.

Here, the authors use a mouse model of multiple sclerosis to show that CD38⁺Foxp3⁺ T_reg cells persist in postinflammatory CNS tissues and are needed for maintaining immune homeostasis. These localized stress-tolerant T_reg cells have developed mechanisms to exploit the limited availability of IL-2 in this tissue.

Addressing how the nitrogen-induced changes in plant diversity differ from those in soil organisms is critical. This global meta-analysis suggests that nitrogen enrichment has stronger negative effects on plant diversity but modest to negligible effects on soil bacterial and fungal diversity.

Taveneau et al. leverage artificial-intelligence-driven protein design to create inhibitors that control RNA-targeting enzymes in cells, revealing a strategy to rapidly design off-switches for RNA-editing systems.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Eastern Taiwan’s double-vergence suture hosts frequent M ≥ 6 earthquakes and widespread aseismic slip, offering a natural laboratory to study earthquake triggering. The study shows that 24 years of repeating earthquake and earthquake swarm data reveal an aseismic slip acceleration beginning ~3 years before the April 3, 2024 Mw 7.3 Hualien earthquake.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Mineral carbonation could enable gigatonne-scale CO₂ removal. Here, the authors use molecular simulations to map a full CO₂ mineralization pathway at a wetting surface, revealing key reactive sites and optimal pH conditions for efficient carbonation.

This combined experimental and theoretical study of a collinear antiferromagnet reveals a large magnetic exchange driven structural shift and non-coplanar domain wall junctions, which exhibit a topological orbital magnetization.

Yang et al. apply high-throughput structure probing approaches to characterize the secondary structure throughout the SARS-CoV-2 WT and VOC genomes, uncovering an ultra-long-range RNA-RNA interaction that directly binds ADAR1 to promote viral fitness.

Single atom catalysts, comprising minute amounts of transition metals dispersed on inert substrates, have emerged as prominent materials in heterogenous catalysis but their precise arrangement on surfaces is challenging. Here, the authors introduce the on-surface synthesis of a single atom platform wherein atoms are firmly anchored to specific coordination sites evenly distributed along carbon-based polymers.

While the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved outcomes in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), tumour that develop means of immune evasion become resistant. Here, the authors report that ERBB2 signalling induces loss of MHC Class I expression and subsequently immune evasion in preclinical models of SCLC.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Current methods to generate haplotype-resolved assemblies for highly heterozygous genomes suffer from reference bias or may generate imbalanced haplomes. Here, the authors present the PhaseGrass workflow and demonstrate its application in assembling highly heterozygous genomes of Lolium perenne and L. multiflorum.

The kinase ZAK is activated at collided ribosomes to mediate the ribotoxic stress response.

Effective neural repair after spinal cord injury requires alignment of astrocytes to contain the lesion, but the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate glial cell arrangement in injury response are poorly defined. Here, the authors identify guidance receptor Plexin-B1 as a regulator of astrocyte membrane integrity and process plasticity, promoting glial border formation, wound corralling, and functional recovery.

Eggplants are important vegetables worldwide. Here, the authors report 40 genome assemblies of Solanum melongena, its progenitor S. insanum and the allied species S. incanum to construct two pangenomes, and identify loci associated with multiple traits via pangenome-wide association analysis.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Small cell lung cancer cells form functional synapses with glutamatergic neurons, receiving synaptic transmissions and deriving a proliferative advantage from these interactions.

Tau aggregation, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease, disrupts neuron structure. Aging weakens chaperone defenses like Hsp90. This study designs β-Hsp90, a small peptide mimicking Hsp90, to prevent Tau aggregation, offering promise for new amyloid disease drugs.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Characterization of the genetic architecture underlying the 7 pairs of contrasting traits studied by Mendel and the over 70 additional agronomic traits in pea (Pisum sativum) reveals their molecular details and provides tools for further studies in pea genetics, functional genomics and crop improvement.

Branched organoids embedded in collagen gels can recapitulate the phenotypic landscape and pronounced molecular and morphological heterogeneity of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

The Ton and Tol systems are bacterial energy-transducing complexes that use the proton motive force at the inner membrane to exert force on outer membrane proteins. Here the authors present the high-resolution cryoEM structures of the inner membrane engine part of these two complexes.

Biomechanical mechanisms orchestrating stem cell dynamics in development remain unclear. Here the authors show that guidance receptor Plexin-B2 organizes actomyosin contractility, cytoskeletal tension and adhesion during multicellular development of human embryonic stem cells and neuroprogenitor cells.

Here, the authors report the characterization of stable few-layer PdSe₂ transistors encapsulated in hexagonal boron nitride, showing field effect mobilities up to 700 cm²/Vs at room temperature and signatures of an 8-fold spin-valley degeneracy of the magnetotransport quantum oscillations at cryogenic temperatures.

Saturable absorption, a technologically relevant property of graphene, is usually explained with Pauli blocking of optically driven carriers in the strong-excitation regime. Here, Winzeret al. reveal a new saturation regime at low excitations, resulting in a double-bended saturation behaviour.

DNA methylation and copy number variant analyses across a large number of genetic mouse models of pediatric brain tumors reveal subtype-specific molecular alterations shared with the corresponding human diseases.

The nuclear periphery is linked with transcriptional repression, but MyoD1 remains active during myoblast proliferation despite being in this compartment. Here, the authors show that WFS1 tethers MyoD1 to the nuclear periphery via active enhancers.

The EWSR1::FLI1 fusion protein is the oncogenic driver of Ewing sarcoma (EwS). Here, the authors find that EWSR1::FLI1 plays a non-canonical role in mRNA decay via interactions with the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex and the RNA-binding protein HuR. This role uncovers a new therapeutic vulnerability of EwS to HuR inhibition.

Skyrmions are topologically protected field configurations that appear as solutions of continuous quantum-field theories. Recently, they have been observed in magnetic bulk alloys, where a lattice of skyrmions is stabilized by an external magnetic field. In contrast, this study finds evidence for a skyrmion lattice as a spontaneous ground state, encoded into a magnetic spin texture on the atomic scale.

The involvement of cell death pathways in the early stage of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) development, especially KRAS-dependent acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), remains to be investigated. Here, the authors find that TAK1 mediates cell survival during ADM transdifferentiation through suppression of apoptosis and necroptosis, which could be targeted for prevention and treatment of PDAC.

Little is known about how the identity of a leaving group affects the dynamics of a bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. A study of the reaction of F⁻ with CH₃Cl, and comparison to its reaction with CH₃I, now reveals key insights into such effects, with reactant orientation considered a key factor in understanding the behaviour observed.

Analyses of satellite observations from 1986 to 2021 suggest that the Antarctic Peninsula is greening at an accelerated rate.

A common technique to cool down molecular ions is through collisions with a buffer gas, but that is limited by the achievable temperature of the medium. Now, an experiment demonstrates the evaporative cooling of molecular ions below previously reached temperatures.

Electron spins in diamond allow magnetometry with high sensitivity, but the bandwidth in the microwave regime is limited to a narrow band around their resonance frequency. Here, the authors solve this problem by coupling the spins to a thin film of yttrium iron garnet, exploiting the non-linear spin-wave dynamics of the magnet.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

The mechanisms underlying neurological complications of monkeypox virus infection remain unclear. Here, the authors investigate its neurotropic potential and show that neuritic transport of viral particles drives neuronal degeneration.

A wedge-shaped graben extension mechanism for the 2025 Dingri earthquake involved two graben-bounding faults, highlighting that early postseismic deformation is mainly driven by shallow afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation, with the afterslip spatially complementing coseismic slip, according to integration of field observations, geodetic and seismic data.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Functional tissue units (FTUs) form the basic building blocks of organs and are important for understanding and modeling their healthy physiological function and disease states. Here, the authors present a catalog of 22 anatomically based FTUs from 10 healthy human organs as part of an ongoing international effort to construct a Human Reference Atlas of all cells in the human body.