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A WHO-supported pre−post study shows that implementation of the Y-Check comprehensive health check program is feasible and acceptable for adolescents in Zimbabwe, offering screening for 25 health conditions and behaviors, health promotion, on-site care and referral.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Synapse dysfunction contributes to cognitive decline with age. Here, the authors show that aging-related changes in microglia and the extracellular matrix are associated with synapse abundance, extracellular matrix buildup, and cognitive deficits in aging mice.

Here the authors leverage a crossfeeding, engineered microbial community to demonstrate that strain abundance cycles are robust across environmental conditions. They pair this with a nonlinear dynamic model to elucidate population cycles.

Cornelis Albers and colleagues identify NBEAL2 as the causative gene for gray platelet syndrome (GPS). Knockdown of this gene in zebrafish leads to spontaneous bleeding and defects in thrombocyte formation.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and assay for transposase-accessible chromatin using sequencing profiling of human retinal samples from diverse ancestries create an epitranscriptomic atlas characterizing over 130 cell types. Integration with genome-wide association study and expression quantitative trait loci data provides further insights into gene regulation and disease etiology.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Genetically encoded sensors are generally optimized to function during exponential growth rather than stationary phase, which limits their potential value for metabolic engineering and bioproduction. Here, authors engineer a stationary phase green light sensor and use pulsatile light to optimize production of industrially relevant small molecules.

Anomalous iron isotopes of banded iron formation deposited during the severe global glaciation ~700 million years ago known as “Snowball Earth” represent a signature of the coldest ocean temperature ever measured on record.

The existing ENCODE registry of candidate human and mouse cis-regulatory elements is expanded with the addition of new ENCODE data, integrating new functional data as well as new cell and tissue types.

Dengue virus transmission by Ae. aegypti mosquitoes poses a significant public health threat, necessitating innovative control strategies. Here, the authors demonstrate that, while successive blood feeding increases earlier dengue virus dissemination, the inhibitory effects of Wolbachia remain strong, highlighting Wolbachia’s potential to disrupt dengue transmission under natural feeding conditions.

A mouse model of Down syndrome (DS) highlights the importance of triplication of the IFNR gene cluster for a variety of DS-associated traits. Copy number correction resulted in amelioration of multiple phenotypes associated with the condition.

Neel domain walls are typically stabilized by an interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, with a chirality that is fixed by the sample materials. Here, Song, Huang and coauthors demonstrate the existence of two bistable Néel domain wall states with opposite chiralities, and the switching between these via magnetic field pulses

Neonatal gyrated brains harbor an elaborate subventricular zone, termed the Arc, supporting cortical migratory streams of diverse interneurons.

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at risk for reduced cognitive ability and atypical brain development. This study shows that brain and cognitive measures can be improved in adolescents with T1D using a semi-automated insulin delivery system.

Radiation and steroid dosing can affect the immune composition of brain metastasis (BM). The authors have designed a pilot study of pre-operative stereotactic radiosurgery with low or high dose of peri-operative dexamethasone for resectable brain metastases, here reporting clinical outcomes and characterization of intratumor TCF1+ CD8+ stem-like T cell immune niches in the brain.

CD123 expression on leukemic stem and progenitor cells (LSPCs) and leukemic blasts representing a promising therapeutic target. However previous CD123-targeting approaches had limited efficacy and safety concerns. The authors here evaluate the bispecific CD123/CD16A innate cell engager AFM28 and manifest its efficacy both in vitro and in vivo, which is mediated by NK cells.

Pan-cistrome of the maize leaf under well-watered and drought conditions profiled by haplotype-specific MOA-seq highlights the relevance of transcription factor binding QTLs for understanding phenotypic diversity in maize.

Histone 3 lysine 79 is mono (me1), di (me2), or tri (me3) methylated by the methyltransferase DOT1L. Here the authors reveal a group of enhancers defined by H3K79me2/3 which regulates enhancer-promoter interactions and other key enhancer features in MLL-AF4 leukemia cells.

How the brain controls pain perception remains elusive. Here, authors show that layers 5 and 6 of the somatosensory cortex suppress or enhance nociception through cell-type-specific cortical and corticothalamic interactions.

In Caenorhabditis tropicalis, three toxin–antidote elements arose via gene duplication from the essential tRNA-synthetase subunit FARS-3. The ancestral antidote probably acquired affinity for FARS-3, enabling presuppression of toxicity and allowing otherwise deleterious mutant alleles to evolve into selfish genes.

Here, the authors reveal variability in chromosome 21 gene overexpression among individuals with Down syndrome, identifying three distinct molecular subtypes. Each subtype exhibits unique biosignatures and immune profiles, offering new insights into the complex biology of Down syndrome.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Genetic screens reveal a compendium of metabolic modifiers of lipid peroxidation. Tetrahydrobiopterin is essential under GPX4 inhibition, acting as a radical-trapping antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation and is regenerated by DHFR.

Uropathogenic E. coli can adhere to vaginal epithelial cells preceding urinary tract infection (UTI). Here, Brannon et al. show that urinary E. coli isolates can not only adhere to, but also invade vaginal cells in mouse UTI models and in clinical samples obtained from women with recurrent UTI.

Progressive apraxia of speech (PAOS) is a neurodegenerative syndrome of multiple etiologies which affects spoken communication. Here, the authors characterized the molecular pathology, biochemistry, genetics and longitudinal neuroimaging of 32 autopsy-confirmed patients with PAOS who were followed over 10 years.

Circuit QED with strongly driven cavities is a powerful framework for quantum technologies, but often undesired effects on the qubit are introduced. Here, by using an external tone tailored to destructively interfere with the cavity field, the authors show how a transmon can be protected from these unwanted effects.

Together with an accompanying paper presenting a transcriptomic atlas of the mouse lemur, interrogation of the atlas provides a rich body of data to support the use of the organism as a model for primate biology and health.

Recent improvements in the indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion experiments include the achievement of burning plasma state. Here the authors report the scaling of neutron yield in a burning plasma of Deuterium-Tritium fusion reaction by including the mode-2 asymmetry.

The PACAP-PAC1R neuropeptide system regulates neuroendocrine stress responses. Here the authors demonstrate a role for PACAP-PAC1R in ventromedial hypothalamus in modulating fear extinction.

IgE antibodies targeting cancer antigens can be used for immunotherapy. Here the authors present an IgE antibody targeting the melanoma-associated antigen, chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan 4, that recognises human melanoma, stimulates tumour cell cytotoxicity, and restricts tumour growth in humanised mouse models.

Many chemical reactions rely on the preference of copper for positive oxidation states. In this work, the authors report that the reaction of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligated copper alkoxide with a dimeric magnesium(I) compound results in a stable compound with a Cu-Mg bond which acts as a nucleophilic source copper in the formal oxidation state of Cu(-I).

The factors regulating stress granule dissolution are not fully understood. Here, the authors identify Sky1 as a stress granule component in yeast, and show that Sky1 kinase activity is required for timely stress granule disassembly during stress recovery.

Harnessing biomolecular systems to endow synthetic materials with life-like properties is a significant challenge. Here, the authors use the biomolecular KaiABC circadian clock proteins to control autonomous self-assembly and oscillation of colloids.

A purpose-built implantable system based on biomimetic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord reduces the severity of hypotensive complications in people with spinal cord injury and improves quality of life.

Insights into the behavior of quantum materials are only possible because of the development of suitable experimental probes. Modic et. al. develop the theoretical and experimental basis for resonant torsion magnetometry—a technique to measure anisotropic magnetic responses with high sensitivity.