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Genetic analyses in more than 15,000 individuals from across the Americas, including individuals with autism and family members, define the genetic landscape of autism in Latin American populations and identify significant overlap with other ancestries.

The authors use Patch-seq and electron microscopy datasets to relate synaptic connectivity to the transcriptomic cell type of different types of inhibitory neuron.

Excitatory neurons in the neocortex exhibit considerable morphological diversity, yet their organizational principles remain a subject of ongoing research. Here, the authors use unsupervised learning to show that most excitatory neuron morphologies in the mouse visual cortex form a continuum, with notable exceptions in deeper layers.

This study maps the connections of layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, revealing distinct local and intercortical wiring patterns, and provides an open framework for exploring the connectivity of cell types.

The authors report the experimental observation of room-temperature condensation of exciton polaritons in quasi-2D layered crystals of halide perovskite, integrated into an open optical microcavity. These materials combine van-der-Waals properties with dominant exciton physics at room temperature.

Ultrafast shaping of exciton-polariton condensates enables applications for classical and quantum logic devices and provides insights into the physics of nonequilibrium quantum condensates in solid-state. Here, the authors demonstrate ultrafast and reversible dynamic Stark modulation of a semiconductor exciton-polariton quantum condensate.

Although strategies to stabilize the singlet state of carbenes are known, obtaining stable triplet electromers remains a challenge. Now it has been shown that transition-metal substitution enables the generation of triplet metallocarbenes stabilized by spin-polarized push–pull interactions; these compounds exhibit appreciable lifetimes beyond cryogenic temperatures.

Few studies have suggested that enteric glial cells (EGCs) promote colorectal cancer growth. Here the authors show that EGC-derived IL-6 promotes the expansion of tumorigenic SPP1⁺ tumor-associated macrophages, associated with worse disease outcome.

Serial Lift-Out creates a series of lamellae from one lift-out volume for cryo-ET, increasing the ease and throughput of cryo-lift-out and enabling the study of molecular anatomy in multicellular systems including C. elegans larvae.

Thanks to their strong light-matter interaction, atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are ideal active materials for cavity quantum electrodynamics. Here, the authors embed a WSe₂monolayer within a Tamm-plasmon-polariton cavity, and observe exciton-polariton formation at room temperature.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides constitute an ideal platform to investigate solid state excitonic effects. Here, the authors provide experimental evidence of a localized biexciton in a monolayer of WSe₂, which induces an emission cascade of single photons.

Optoelectronic devices such as conventional semiconductor lasers are used to study the chaotic behaviour of nonlinear systems. Here chaos is observed for quantum-dot microlasers operating close to the quantum limit with potential for new directions in the study of chaos in quantum systems.

Future quantum communication technologies require entanglement between stationary and flying qubits, in systems that are inherently scalable. To this end, De Greveet al.present full state tomography of a qubit pair formed by entangling a quantum dot spin and a photon, with a fidelity of over 90%.

Platelets are known to have functions beyond those in thrombosis and haemostasis. Here the authors use multi-colour flow cytometry and proteomics to analyse platelet phenotypes in psoriatic disease and proteins that are potentially involved in the interaction of platelets with immune cells.

Calcium serves as an important second messenger in signal transduction to the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we identify EFhD2/Swip-1 as a calcium-dependent actin cross-linker promoting rapid reorganization of actin networks in epithelial wound closure.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides are an ideal platform to investigate the underlying physics of strongly bound excitons in low dimensions. Here, the authors demonstrate the formation of a bosonic condensate driven by excitons in two-dimensional MoSe₂ strongly coupled to light in a solid-state resonator.

A quantum two-level system can be coherently excited by a phase-locked dichromatic electromagnetic field. This technique can make single-photon generation more efficient as the pump light does not overlap in frequency with the emitted single photons.

An electrically pumped polariton laser is constructed using a quantum well microcavity, and its polaritonic nature is demonstrated unambiguously by using a magnetic field to probe the part-light, part-matter character of the system.

Here, the authors realize in-situ, tunable up-conversion luminescence in a monolayer semiconductor via an optical cavity in the strong light-matter coupling regime, and demonstrate nonlinear up-conversion as an efficient injection scheme of exciton-polariton populations.

Pulse-excited resonance-fluorescence single-photons are generated on demand from a single quantum dot embedded in a microcavity under s-shell excitation with an ultrafast laser source.

Boson sampling with three, four and five photons with high efficiency, purity and indistinguishability is realized using a quantum dot–micropillar as the single-photon source. A record-breaking sampling rate of 4.96 kHz is achieved.

One of the hurdles facing the development of effective catalysts to produce ammonia from nitrogen is the stability of the metal nitrides that form during the reaction. Now, the hydrogenolysis of nitride ligands with hydrogen is reported and attributed to PNP pincer ligand cooperativity.

Light and matter excitations from host media can hybridize in the strong coupling regime, resulting in the formation of hybrid polariton modes. Here, the authors demonstrate hybridization between tightly bound excitons in a MoSe₂ monolayer and excitons in GaAs quantum wells via coupling to a cavity resonance.

Here the authors apply machine learning approaches to Alzheimer’s genetics, confirm known associations and suggest novel risk loci. These methods demonstrate predictive power comparable to traditional approaches, while also offering potential new insights beyond standard genetic analyses.

The Asian black-spined toad is a widespread, poisonous, invasive amphibian. Here, the authors use genomic and DNA-barcoding data from this toad to document its complex evolutionary history, two distinct species, and potential historic dispersal assisted by humans.

The Connectome Annotation Versioning Engine (CAVE) is a platform for proofreading, annotating and analyzing datasets reaching the petascale. Currently, CAVE is used for electron microscopy datasets, but it can potentially be used for other large-scale datasets.

A consensus cell type atlas for the fly brain provides both an intellectual framework and open-source toolchains for brain-scale comparative connectomics.

An analysis demonstrates that quantitative measurements of perisomatic ultrastructure features of neurons can be used to categorize them into cell types.

Single-cell analysis of COVID-19 patient samples identifies activated immune pathways that correlate with severe disease.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias identifies new loci and enables generation of a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.

Dense calcium imaging combined with co-registered high-resolution electron microscopy reconstruction of the brain of the same mouse provide a functional connectomics map of tens of thousands of neurons of a region of the primary cortex and higher visual areas.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

Large genome-wide meta-analysis of clinically diagnosed late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) from 94,437 individuals identifies new LOAD risk loci and implicates Aβ formation, tau protein binding, immune response and lipid metabolism.

Known genetic loci account for only a fraction of the genetic contribution to Alzheimer’s disease. Here, the authors have performed a large genome-wide meta-analysis comprising 409,435 individuals to discover 6 new loci and demonstrate the efficacy of an Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score.

Neural Decomposition (NEURD) is a software package that decomposes neuronal data from high-resolution electron microscopy volumes into feature-rich graph representations to facilitate analysis for neuroscience research.

Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) neuropathy is associated with dominant mutations in five tRNA synthetase genes. Niehues et al. use BONCAT and FUNCAT to monitor proteome dynamics in a DrosophilaCMT model, and reveal that these mutations result in translational slowdown.

Polygenic risk scores for Alzheimer’s disease derived from individuals of European ancestry can show improved performance in multiancestry settings after incorporating genome-wide association summary statistics from diverse populations.

Sven van der Lee, Julie Williams, Gerard Schellenberg and colleagues identify rare coding variants in PLCG2, ABI3 and TREM2 associated with Alzheimer's disease. These genes are highly expressed in microglia and provide additional evidence that the microglia-mediated immune response contributes to the development of Alzheimer's disease.

The development of asthma following eczema is known as the atopic march. Here the authors conduct a GWAS on affected children and identify two novel loci associated with the disease phenotype.

Using volumetric electron microscopy, the authors map and analyze the structure of cortical inhibition with synaptic resolution across a column of visual cortex.

The MICrONS mouse visual cortex dataset shows that neurons with similar response properties preferentially connect, a pattern that emerges within and across brain areas and layers, and independently emerges in artificial neural networks where these ‘like-to-like’ connections prove important for task performance.

SegCLR automatically annotates segmented electron microscopy datasets of the brain with information such as cellular subcompartments and cell types, using a self-supervised contrastive learning approach.