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Using blood-based genome sequence data, non-genetic and genetic factors associated with control of Epstein–Barr virus during persistent infection are reported.

Kasuga et al. preclinically evaluate TAS3351, a fourth generation EGFR-TKI, using biochemical, structural, and pharmacological assays. TAS3351 overcomes T790M and C797S mutations, which are two major resistant mutations that occur in EGFR and often cause resistance to existing EGFR-TKIs, and exhibits significant brain penetrability.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

In this Review, the authors outline the physiology and innervation of the lower urinary tract and sexual organs and discuss various aspects of urogenital dysfunction in CNS (brain and spinal cord) disorders. Advances in the management of urogenital dysfunction in patients with neurological disorders are also discussed.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

This paper identifies a gene, kintoun (ktu), which is important for dynein arm formation resulting in the formation of motile cilia. It is conserved from ciliated unicellular organisms to higher mammals. Mutations in the homologous gene of two human primary ciliary dyskinesia families are also identified.

Bacteria can use contractile injection systems, similar to viral tail structures, to deliver toxic proteins into other cells. Here, Nagakubo et al. identify a related system that modulates sporulation in multicellular Streptomyces bacteria.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

A 0.8-nm-thick CoFe ultrathin film was deposited on a MgO tunneling barrier by means of cryogenic temperature sputtering. The cryogenic temperature sputtering at 100 K effectively suppressed island-like initial growth of CoFe without hampering grain-to-grain epitaxy, while CoFe deposited at 300 K exhibited rough and mixed interfaces. The flat and sharp interfaces in CoFe ultrathin films deposited at 100 K resulted in improved properties such as low magnetic damping, high tunneling magnetoresistance, and clear perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Furthermore, the clear interfaces were maintained even after annealing at 673 K, indicating high thermal stability.

Here, the authors identify six risk SNPs for systemic sclerosis by performing GWAS on Japanese patients and meta-analyzing Japanese and European GWAS datasets. Downstream analyses indicate that B cells contribute to pathogenesis.

PGRMC1 binds to EGFR and cytochromes P450, and is known to be involved in cancer proliferation and in drug resistance. Here, the authors determine the structure of the cytosolic domain of PGRMC1, which forms a dimer via haem–haem stacking, and propose how this interaction could be involved in its function.

Mixed-stack complexes consisting of alternating donors and acceptors typically show low electrical conductivity. Here, the authors improved the conductivity by hybridizing the frontier orbitals of the donor and acceptor at the neutral–ionic boundary.

It was unknown how the most upstream Atg protein transits from the cytosol to autophagosome formation sites. Here, the authors show that ULK1 palmitoylation by ZDHHC13 recruits the complex to the formation site and enhances ATG14L phosphorylation.

Various intracellular pathogens attempt to hide from innate cytosolic sensors by forming vacuoles. Yamamoto and colleagues show that the autophagy-related protein Gate-16, which is induced by interferon-γ, is required for noncanonical autophagy to control infection by Toxoplasma gondii.

Intracranial germ cell tumors (IGCTs) are rare brain tumors mainly diagnosed in children and young adults. Here, the authors conduct a genome-wide association study for IGCTs, identify a risk locus at BAK1, and characterize its functional consequences.

The position of limbs varies across vertebrates. Here, the authors show that GDF11 is a key factor in the integration of sacral vertebrae and hindlimb positioning and underlies diversification of the hindlimb position in vertebrates.

In a Mn₃Sn/W epitaxial bilayer, spin–orbit torque induces the coherent rotation of spins, which can couple to microwave currents. Unlike in ferromagnets, the resulting conversion of AC current to DC voltage remains robust at higher frequencies, which may facilitate the development of high-speed electronic devices.

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) is crucial for lymphocyte trafficking and a target in inflammatory diseases. Here, authors discover KSI6666, a competitive S1PR1 antagonist that suppresses inflammation through pseudoirreversible inhibition.

How has the genome duplication impacted the diversification of sexual characteristics in the teleost lineage? This study shows that androgen receptor ohnologs in medaka appear to have diverged in their roles for regulating morphological and behavioural sexual characteristics after loss from an ancestral role in spermatogenesis.

How cancer cells develop and emerge has long been a matter of debate. Here, the authors reveal a crucial role of ATR-PrimPol in enabling precancerous cells to survive KRASinduced replication stress and expand clonally with genomic instability.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

A cellular protease, SPP, participates in production of the mature core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, the authors show in mouse models that SPP inhibition reduces viral propagation and pathogenesis via proteasomal degradation of the immature core protein mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRC8.

Organic electronic devices are promising for many applications, particularly in biomedical research, but are hindered by thermal instability and low melting points. Now, organic thin-film transistors are shown with excellent thermal properties that can withstand medical sterilization processes.