Nature Search

A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Long Phan
Alice Gatti
Davide Scaramuzza
ResearchOpen Access28 Jan 2026
Nature

Volume: 649, P: 1139-1146
Loss of cell-autonomously secreted laminin-α2 drives muscle stem cell dysfunction in LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy

The extracellular matrix protein laminin-α2 provides muscle fibers with essential structural support. Here, the authors show that muscle stem cells also secrete laminin-α2 to support their own proliferation during muscle regeneration.

Timothy J. McGowan
Judith R. Reinhard
Markus A. Rüegg
ResearchOpen Access27 Nov 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-22
GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Erola Pairo-Castineira
Konrad Rawlik
J. Kenneth Baillie
ResearchOpen Access17 May 2023
Nature

Volume: 617, P: 764-768
Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Whole-genome sequencing, transcriptome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in over 7,000 individuals with critical COVID-19 are used to identify 16 independent variants that are associated with severe illness in COVID-19.

Athanasios Kousathanas
Erola Pairo-Castineira
J. Kenneth Baillie
ResearchOpen Access07 Mar 2022
Nature

Volume: 607, P: 97-103
Muscle fiber Myc is dispensable for muscle growth and its forced expression severely perturbs homeostasis

The transcription factor Myc stimulates growth in many cells. This study shows that Myc expression is essential in muscle stem cells to support muscle growth, but is neither sufficient nor necessary for increases in muscle fiber size.

Daniel J. Ham
Michelangelo Semeraro
Markus A. Rüegg
ResearchOpen Access03 Apr 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-21
Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Mari E. K. Niemi
Juha Karjalainen
Chloe Donohue
ResearchOpen Access08 Jul 2021
Nature

Volume: 600, P: 472-477
Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort

Whole-genome sequencing analysis of individuals with primary immunodeficiency identifies new candidate disease-associated genes and shows how the interplay between genetic variants can explain the variable penetrance and complexity of the disease.

James E. D. Thaventhiran
Hana Lango Allen
Kenneth G. C. Smith
Research06 May 2020
Nature

Volume: 583, P: 90-95
Single-nuclei sequencing of skeletal muscle reveals subsynaptic-specific transcripts involved in neuromuscular junction maintenance

Here they use single nuclei RNA-seq to identify transcripts in skeletal muscle that maintain the neuromuscular junction, both under normal and denervated conditions, which allows them to characterize PDZRN4 as a novel MuSK interactor at the Golgi apparatus.

Alexander S. Ham
Shuo Lin
Markus A. Rüegg
ResearchOpen Access05 Mar 2025
Nature Communications

Volume: 16, P: 1-19
A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Masahiro Kanai
Shea J. Andrews
Matthew Solomonson
ResearchOpen Access06 Sept 2023
Nature

Volume: 621, P: E7-E26
Understanding functional miRNA–target interactions in vivo by site-specific genome engineering

Identifying miRNA response elements (MREs) within target mRNAs can be done computationally but the functional validation of putative MREs remains challenging. Here, Bassett et al. describe applications of genome engineering to target and assess the functional significance of MREs in different organisms and stages of development.

Andrew R. Bassett
Ghows Azzam
Tudor A. Fulga
ResearchOpen Access19 Aug 2014
Nature Communications

Volume: 5, P: 1-11
Cooperative therapeutic effects of androgen ablation and adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir therapy in experimental prostate cancer

Simon J Hall
Steven E Mutchnik
Timothy C Thompson
Research22 Oct 1999
Cancer Gene Therapy

Volume: 6, P: 54-63
Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is a highly inheritable cancer. Here the authors conduct a metaanalysis of four genome-wide association studies and identify three novel loci located near EOMES, SERPINB6 and LPPassociated with risk of this disease.

Sonja I. Berndt
Nicola J. Camp
Susan L. Slager
ResearchOpen Access09 Mar 2016
Nature Communications

Volume: 7, P: 1-9
Characterization of the oligomerization defects of two p53 mutants found in families with Li–Fraumeni and Li–Fraumeni-like syndrome

Timothy S Davison
Peter Yin
Cheryl H Arrowsmith
Research10 Aug 1998
Oncogene

Volume: 17, P: 651-656
Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has a hereditary component, much of which remains to be identified. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study and find new risk loci for the disease, which are associated with genes involved in immune function.

Philip J. Law
Sonja I. Berndt
Susan Slager
ResearchOpen Access06 Feb 2017
Nature Communications

Volume: 8, P: 1-12
Author Correction: GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

Erola Pairo-Castineira
Konrad Rawlik
J. Kenneth Baillie
Amendments and CorrectionsOpen Access11 Jul 2023
Nature

Volume: 619, P: E61
Publisher Correction: Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort

James E. D. Thaventhiran
Hana Lango Allen
Kenneth G. C. Smith
Amendments and Corrections17 Jul 2020
Nature

Volume: 584, P: E2
Prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders among mothers of preterm babies at neonatal intensive care units in Ghana

Dennis Bomansang Daliri
Maclean Jabaarb
Agani Afaya
ResearchOpen Access30 Sept 2024
Scientific Reports

Volume: 14, P: 1-12
Genome sequencing with gene panel-based analysis for rare inherited conditions in a publicly funded healthcare system: implications for future testing

Lynne J. Hocking
Claire Andrews
Zosia Miedzybrodzka
ResearchOpen Access06 Dec 2022
European Journal of Human Genetics

Volume: 31, P: 231-238
The extracellular matrix of the gastrointestinal tract: a regenerative medicine platform

Owing to its unique composition and influence on numerous biological processes, the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an ideal therapeutic substrate for tissue repair. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of ECM bioscaffolds derived from gastrointestinal tissues, and discuss advances in regenerative medicine using these scaffolds for the reconstruction of functional gastrointestinal tissues.

George S. Hussey
Timothy J. Keane
Stephen F. Badylak
Reviews12 Jul 2017
Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Volume: 14, P: 540-552
TLR4-Upregulated IL-1β and IL-1RI Promote Alveolar Macrophage Pyroptosis and Lung Inflammation through an Autocrine Mechanism

Xingying He
Yongbing Qian
Jie Fan
ResearchOpen Access16 Aug 2016
Scientific Reports

Volume: 6, P: 1-11
Roles of TLR4 in macrophage immunity and macrophage-pulmonary vascular/lymphatic endothelial cell interactions in sepsis

TLR4 signaling contributes to the impairment of both vascular and lymphatic endothelial barriers, providing new insights into endothelial dysfunction in sepsis-induced ALI.

Yu Fu
Ting Gong
Jie Fan
ResearchOpen Access21 Mar 2025
Communications Biology

Volume: 8, P: 1-17
Racial and ethnic differences in prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and parabens in the ECHO Cohort

Michael S. Bloom
Sudhi Upadhyaya
Lynne M. Smith
ResearchOpen Access15 Feb 2025
Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology

Volume: 35, P: 992-1002
Decoding the multiple functions of ZBP1 in the mechanism of sepsis-induced acute lung injury

ZBP1 drives inflammatory signaling in sepsis-induced acute lung injury, linking macrophage metabolic reprogramming and endothelial dysfunction, revealing its potential as a therapeutic target in critical care.

Ting Gong
Yu Fu
Jie Fan
ResearchOpen Access21 Oct 2024
Communications Biology

Volume: 7, P: 1-18
Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants enrolled in myo-inositol randomized controlled trial

Ira Adams-Chapman
Kristi L. Watterberg
Marian Willinger
Research23 Mar 2021
Journal of Perinatology

Volume: 41, P: 2072-2087
Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data

James H. R. Farmery
Mike L. Smith
Andy G. Lynch
ResearchOpen Access22 Jan 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-17
Host factors are associated with vaginal microbiome structure in pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort Consortium

Kimberly McKee
Christine M. Bassis
Lynne M. Smith
ResearchOpen Access23 May 2024
Scientific Reports

Volume: 14, P: 1-19
Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect lung endothelial cells from pyroptosis in sepsis

Dengming Lai
Jing Tang
Jie Fan
ResearchOpen Access06 Mar 2018
Cell Death & Disease

Volume: 9, P: 1-12
Central role for neurally dysregulated IL-17A in dynamic networks of systemic and local inflammation in combat casualties

Ruben Zamora
Jonathan A. Forsberg
Yoram Vodovotz
ResearchOpen Access24 Apr 2023
Scientific Reports

Volume: 13, P: 1-15
Evaluating the potential of residual Pap test fluid as a resource for the metaproteomic analysis of the cervical-vaginal microbiome

Somaieh Afiuni-Zadeh
Kristin L. M. Boylan
Amy P. N. Skubitz
ResearchOpen Access18 Jul 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-11
A putative “chemokine switch” that regulates systemic acute inflammation in humans

Nabil Azhar
Rami A. Namas
Yoram Vodovotz
ResearchOpen Access06 May 2021
Scientific Reports

Volume: 11, P: 1-14
HMGB1 is a Central Driver of Dynamic Pro-inflammatory Networks in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure induced by Acetaminophen

Ruben Zamora
Derek Barclay
Yoram Vodovotz
ResearchOpen Access12 Apr 2019
Scientific Reports

Volume: 9, P: 1-11
One million skinfolds: secular trends in the fatness of young people 1951–2004

T S Olds
Research18 Feb 2009
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Volume: 63, P: 934-946
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein through TLR4 signaling induces mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and regulates macrophage cell death after trauma

Zhigang Li
Erica K Fan
Jie Fan
ResearchOpen Access11 May 2017
Cell Death & Disease

Volume: 8, P: e2775
Publisher Correction: Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data

James H. R. Farmery
Mike L. Smith
Andy G. Lynch
Amendments and CorrectionsOpen Access03 Sept 2018
Scientific Reports

Volume: 8, P: 1-4

Search

A benchmark of expert-level academic questions to assess AI capabilities

Loss of cell-autonomously secreted laminin-α2 drives muscle stem cell dysfunction in LAMA2-related muscular dystrophy

GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

Whole-genome sequencing reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19

Muscle fiber Myc is dispensable for muscle growth and its forced expression severely perturbs homeostasis

Mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort

Single-nuclei sequencing of skeletal muscle reveals subsynaptic-specific transcripts involved in neuromuscular junction maintenance

A second update on mapping the human genetic architecture of COVID-19

Understanding functional miRNA–target interactions in vivo by site-specific genome engineering

Cooperative therapeutic effects of androgen ablation and adenovirus-mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir therapy in experimental prostate cancer

Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies discovers multiple loci for chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Characterization of the oligomerization defects of two p53 mutants found in families with Li–Fraumeni and Li–Fraumeni-like syndrome

Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Author Correction: GWAS and meta-analysis identifies 49 genetic variants underlying critical COVID-19

Publisher Correction: Whole-genome sequencing of a sporadic primary immunodeficiency cohort

Prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders among mothers of preterm babies at neonatal intensive care units in Ghana

Genome sequencing with gene panel-based analysis for rare inherited conditions in a publicly funded healthcare system: implications for future testing

The extracellular matrix of the gastrointestinal tract: a regenerative medicine platform

TLR4-Upregulated IL-1β and IL-1RI Promote Alveolar Macrophage Pyroptosis and Lung Inflammation through an Autocrine Mechanism

Roles of TLR4 in macrophage immunity and macrophage-pulmonary vascular/lymphatic endothelial cell interactions in sepsis

Racial and ethnic differences in prenatal exposure to environmental phenols and parabens in the ECHO Cohort

Decoding the multiple functions of ZBP1 in the mechanism of sepsis-induced acute lung injury

Neurodevelopmental outcome of preterm infants enrolled in myo-inositol randomized controlled trial

Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data

Host factors are associated with vaginal microbiome structure in pregnancy in the ECHO Cohort Consortium

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells protect lung endothelial cells from pyroptosis in sepsis

Central role for neurally dysregulated IL-17A in dynamic networks of systemic and local inflammation in combat casualties

Evaluating the potential of residual Pap test fluid as a resource for the metaproteomic analysis of the cervical-vaginal microbiome

A putative “chemokine switch” that regulates systemic acute inflammation in humans

HMGB1 is a Central Driver of Dynamic Pro-inflammatory Networks in Pediatric Acute Liver Failure induced by Acetaminophen

One million skinfolds: secular trends in the fatness of young people 1951–2004

Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein through TLR4 signaling induces mitochondrial DNA fragmentation and regulates macrophage cell death after trauma

Publisher Correction: Telomerecat: A ploidy-agnostic method for estimating telomere length from whole genome sequencing data

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