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A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

Observations of γ-rays with energies up to 1.4 PeV find that 12 sources in the Galaxy are PeVatrons, one of which is the Crab Nebula.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

This multi-omic longitudinal analysis of the healthy human peripheral immune system constructs the Human Immune Health Atlas and assembles data on immune cell composition and state changes with age, including responses to cytomegalovirus infection and influenza vaccination.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

Bacterial proteins are often recruited to specific subcellular locations to carry out their functions. Here, the authors use the optogenetic CRY2-CIB1 system to re-direct proteins to different subcellular locations, and thus manipulate the proteins’ functions, in live bacterial cells.

The orphan enzyme phosphotriesterase-related (PTER) is identified as a mammalian N-acetyltaurine hydrolase that has roles in regulating body weight and energy balance.

A comparison of alpha diversity (number of plant species) and dark diversity (species that are currently absent from a site despite being ecologically suitable) demonstrates the negative effects of regional-scale anthropogenic activity on plant diversity.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

Here, the authors perform large trans-ancestry fine-mapping analyses identifying large numbers of association signals and putative target genes for colorectal cancer risk, advancing our understanding of the genetic and biological basis of this cancer.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Experimentally probing the orbital population is highly desirable to resolve the redox mechanism of cathodes materials. Here the authors quantify the orbital populations of Co and O in LiCoO₂ and identify the ligand-to-metal charge transfer.

Soft building blocks tend to be near spherical, limiting their packing structures to those found in metallic systems. Here the authors report the spontaneous generation of highly deformed mesoatoms using molecular pentagons and observe Frank–Kasper phases not found in metal alloys.

The quantum spin Hall state is predicted to consist of two oppositely polarized spin currents travelling in opposite directions around the edges of a topological insulator. Non-local measurements of the transport in HgTe quantum wells confirm the polarized nature of these edge states.

FtsN promotes the inward synthesis of septal peptidoglycan (sPG) through the FtsWI complex during bacterial cell division. Here, Lyu et al. apply single-molecule microscopy on E. coli to show that FtsN proteins (I) move processively at a speed similar to that of FtsWI molecules. (II) can be divided into two populations based on their speeds, and (III) their movement is driven exclusively by peptidoglycan synthesis

The study of lattice vibrations coupled to electronic excitations may provide an avenue for exploring exotic physical phenomena. Here, Xuet al. observe a Fano resonance in the Weyl semimetal TaAs, revealing evidence for a strong coupling between phonons and Weyl fermions.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

The polarization of distinct scaffold-signaling hubs at opposite cell poles constitutes the basis of asymmetric cell division. Here, the authors show that phase separation serves as a general mechanism to regulate the assembly and dynamics of a new-pole scaffold-signaling hub.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Although many room temperature phosphorescence host–guest systems with versatile performances have been developed, their photophysical mechanisms remain often unclear. Here the authors reveal that a dynamic coupling process in the excited state is crucial for inducing phosphorescence, where host and guest molecules firstly couple to enhance the intersystem crossing efficiency, and then decouple to transfer excitons to the triplet state of guest.

ARF4 GTPase activity is needed for vesicular trafficking for multiple RNA viruses. Blocking ARF4 using specific peptides redirects viral progeny to lysosomal degradation and decreases influenza and Zika virus infection in mice.

Whilst strong coupling between structure and magnetism is a signature of many of the Fe-based superconductors, no evidence for this has been reported in the normal state of FeSe. Here, the authors demonstrate strong coupling between nematicity and magnetism in FeSe under applied pressure.

Morphogenesis of tissue sheets is well studied, but mechanisms that shape bulk tissues are unclear. Here, the authors show that mesenchymal cells intercalate in 3D to shape the mouse branchial arch, with cortical forces driving intercalations in a Wnt5a-, Yap/Taz- and Piezo1-dependent manner.

Using data from a single time point, passenger-approximated clonal expansion rate (PACER) estimates the fitness of common driver mutations that lead to clonal haematopoiesis and identifies TCL1A activation as a mediator of clonal expansion.

Wang, Tang and colleagues develop the low-signal signed iterative random forest pipeline to investigate epistasis in the genetic control of cardiac hypertrophy, identifying epistatic variants near CCDC141, IGF1R, TTN and TNKS loci, and show that hypertrophy in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is nonadditively influenced by interactions among CCDC141, TTN and IGF1R.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

Going from model development to a pilot implementation study, a deep learning model shows that acute aortic syndrome can be diagnosed directly from noncontrast CT, increasing accuracy and decreasing time to diagnosis.

Here, a draft sequence of the giant panda genome is assembled using next-generation sequencing technology alone. Genome analysis reveals a low divergence rate in comparison with dog and human genomes and insights into panda-specific traits; for example, the giant panda's bamboo diet may be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition.

Immune evasion mechanisms of initial HIV infection are incompletely understood. Here, the authors show that HIV rewires the glycosylation machinery of infected myeloid cells, forming a glycan shield that engages glyco-immune checkpoints and inhibits cell function, and thus targeted killing of infected cells.

Experimental measurements of high-order out-of-time-order correlators on a superconducting quantum processor show that these correlators remain highly sensitive to the quantum many-body dynamics in quantum computers at long timescales.

The host factors that drive adaptive substitutions in the influenza virus remain poorly understood. Here, Zou et al. identify GGCX as a key determinant for the adaption of Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus to receptor binding.

The joint analysis of datasets from NOvA and T2K, the two currently operating long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments, provides new constraints related to neutrino masses and fundamental symmetries.

Nanoparticles releasing an oxaliplatin prodrug and a cationic DNA intercalator within temozolomide-resistant gliomas in mice after convection-enhanced delivery inhibit the growth of the tumours without causing any detectable toxicity.

Most genetic studies have been done on European cohorts, which affects the efficacy of polygenic risk scores in non-European populations. Here, the authors demonstrate that a colorectal cancer PRS including Asian and European ancestries has improved performance over the European-centric PRS across racial and ethnic groups.

KCTD10 interacts with the DNA replication machinery and the RNA polymerase complex, inducing ubiquitination and removal of the transcription machinery in the event of co-directional transcription–replication conflicts.

SPACEc offers a user-friendly, expert-curated workflow for multiplexed image analysis, enabling researchers to easily perform advanced spatial biology studies and streamline the path from experiment to discovery.

A transcriptome-wide association study identifies associations of genetically predicted gene expression with breast cancer risk. This analysis finds 48 candidate genes implicated in breast cancer susceptibility, including 14 at novel loci.

An integrated analysis of de novo and inherited coding variants in 42,607 individuals with autism spectrum disorder identifies 60 risk genes of which five have not previously been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Adsorption of methylamines onto clay minerals provides a hitherto unrecognised control on methane production in marine surface sediment.

Fine-mapping of causal variants and integration of epigenetic and chromatin conformation data identify likely target genes for 150 breast cancer risk regions.

The worldwide distribution and water supply of water towers (snowy or glacierized mountain ranges) is indexed, showing that the most important water towers are also the most vulnerable to socio-economic and climate-change stresses, with huge potential negative impacts on populations downstream.

A multi-ancestry meta-regression study analyses diverse genome-wide association studies and genome loci associated with tobacco and alcohol use.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.

Rabi oscillations of magnons typically do not have few photon control of single spin quantum systems. Here, the authors use a feedback cavity architecture to increase magnon-photon cooperativity, enabling increased control of light-matter interactions in magnonic systems via cooperative polariton dynamics.

This work introduces a pedigree-derived benchmark for single-nucleotide variants, indels, structural variants and tandem repeats, offering a variant map to validate sequencing workflows or to support the development and evaluation of new variant callers.