Search

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative recruited and genotyped more than half a million Taiwanese participants, almost all of Han Chinese ancestry, and performed comprehensive genomic analyses and developed polygenic risk score prediction models for numerous health conditions.

Here the authors engineer dual spillover of H* and CO* on PdHx/Cu to enhance urea electrosynthesis, where CO* spillover from PdHx surface to Cu facilitates initial C–N coupling while H* spillover from PdHx lattice to Cu promotes C–N intermediate protonation.

The rapid expansion of 3D molecule generation models underscores the need for reliable conformation evaluation. Here, the authors present a fast two-stage framework that detects atomic and torsional errors with quantum-mechanical accuracy.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

Maintaining lower temperature is critical for the quality of grain storage. Here, authors explore the applicability of radiative cooling material applied to granary in ten climates, and demonstrate its broad potential for promoting sustainable storage, especially in resource-constrained regions.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is typically considered as an essential enzyme. Here the authors show that natural degradation of RNAPII drives chromatin reorganization in growing oocytes, preparing the chromatin for genome activation after fertilization.

Pyroptosis is a programmed cell death controlled by complex pathways, making it hard to induce selectively for targeted cell elimination. Here, the authors developed DAMAGE, a system that combines pyroptosis with type III-E CRISPR to detect specific RNA and trigger cell death

After genome packaging, tailed bacteriophages must seal the pressurized head to prevent DNA leakage. Here, the authors show that the T4 phage assembles a neck complex with closed double genome-gate by co-opting a host protein Hfq that plugs the head and retains the genome inside.

Diagnosing breast cancer through MRI is limited by high false-positive rates and inter- reader variability, leading to unnecessary biopsies. In here, the authors find that the BI-RADS 4 Lesions Analysis System (BL4AS) model improves diagnostic accuracy and reduces unnecessary biopsies as well as inter-reader variability

The authors conducted a genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder (BD) in Han Chinese and integrated PGC4 East Asian and European datasets, discovering 23 novel loci, prioritizing 39 credible risk genes and implicating BD-related cell types and druggable targets.

Designing superelastic materials remains challenging. Here, the authors reveal that hidden atomic-scale strain order in a high-entropy alloy enables reversible switching between linear and nonlinear superelasticity through subtle composition tuning.

The electron-electron interactions between carriers of adjacent 2D electronic systems can influence their transport properties and generate a Coulomb drag effect. Here, the authors show that Coulomb drag can be used as a probe of the electronic compressibility of graphene at high temperatures, where conventional magnetotransport measurements are not as sensitive.

Raised serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis. Here Li et al.conduct a multistage genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population and identify three novel loci likely associated with the progression from hyperuricemia to gout.

Accurate chromosome segregation relies on three-dimensional genome organization, yet its molecular basis remains unclear. Here, the authors identify an interaction between the condensin and the mediator complexes. Its disruption disturbs mitotic gene expression, chromatin domain formation, and chromosome segregation.

Genome evolutionary history of wild Arachis species remains unclear. Here, the authors report the origin of small chromosome A08 and genome evolution of Arachis species via comparative oligopainting and genomic analysis of A. hoehnei.

A foundation model validated in a prospective multi-centre cohort of 21,601 patients undergoing low-dose computed tomography screening for breast and lung cancer showed comparable performance to existing screening by radiologists.

Here they show that NONO collaborates with HOXA1 to modulate gene expression during early cardiomyocyte differentiation. This interaction facilitates activation of the Wnt signaling pathway, establishing the NONO-HOXA1-Wnt axis as a key mechanism in cardiac development.

OSCA/TMEM63 proteins act as both ion channels and mechanically activated lipid scramblases. They translocate lipids through open pores, with cholesterol inhibiting scrambling, aiding membrane remodeling and cell resilience under mechanical stress.

The electroreduction of CO₂ to C₂₊ oxygenates at industrial current density in acidic media is highly significant yet remains a challenge. Here, the authors report an ionic liquid-modified Cu electrode that enables efficient and stable production of C₂₊ oxygenates at ampere-level current densities.

The performance of π-conjugated polymers films is limited by the short exciton diffusion lengths due to local imperfections or variations in interchain packing. Here, the authors report on large-area submillimeter-scale spherulites achieved by treating a spin-coated polydiarylfluorene film under solvent vapor annealing.

Ma et al. report an organic cation engineering strategy to improve the luminescent properties and charge transport in organic-inorganic antimony halide films, enabling red LEDs with efficiency up to 19.4% and half-lifetime of 10,190 min. Large-area (12.15 cm²) LEDs show efficiency of 14.2%.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Min Deng, Kai Wang and colleagues report genome-wide association analyses of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Han Chinese population. They identify two new risk loci at 1q32 and 22p11.

The authors develop a low carbon cement-based material which exhibits hierarchical structure with low density (0.75 g cm⁻³), high specific compressive strength (344 (kN m⁻²)/(kg m⁻³)) and fracture toughness (4865 kJ m⁻³).

Lipid Nanoparticles (LNPs) effectively deliver mRNA to cells but suffer have low levels of endosomal release. Here the authors report on core-shell LNPs with ionizable lipid–coated gold nanoparticle cores with enhanced pH-responsive membrane disruption, endosomal escape, and cytosolic mRNA delivery improving therapeutic efficiency.

By digitizing a large lexical dataset of Chinese dialects and comparing it to genetic profiles, Yang et al. reveal a hybrid model of language diffusion, consisting of both population migrations and social learning across different regions of China.

Control of chiral assembly across length scales is desirable but challenging. Here, the authors report the development of microscopic chiral twists prepared by the hierarchical assembly of enantiomeric amphiphiles.

Genetic predictors of health outcomes often drop in accuracy when applied to people dissimilar to participants of large genetic studies. Here, the authors investigate the root causes and highlight open questions underlying this problem.

This study reveals a hierarchical development of the brain’s structural connectome from infancy to childhood, characterized by distinct sensorimotor-association trajectories and alignment with multiple neurobiological hierarchies.

IgA nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease in China, occurring at a high frequency in Asian populations. Here Li and colleagues conduct a four-stage genome-wide association study in a Chinese population, identifying novel loci and variants associated with disease risk.

Zinc-metal batteries are restricted by their inherent high activity of aqueous electrolyte. Here, authors report the design of a new class of zinc-based hybrid metal halide solid-state electrolytes, offering a promising avenue for all-solid-state zinc batteries.

DNA demethylation enzyme TET1 is a known oncogene in leukemia. Here, the authors discover that TET1 is involved in GPX4-dependent and -independent ferroptosis in acute myeloid leukemia via the regulation of GSH synthesis enzyme GCLC and BH4 synthesis enzyme GCH1.

Aqueous two-phase systems have potential as biomimetic materials, but often lack stability and are prone to collapse. Here, the authors use interfacial assembly of chitin nanofibres and cellulose nanocrystals to prepare a biobased system with permeability and switchable motility.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) shows immunotherapy resistance and has limited treatment options. Here the authors show that arachidonic acid, a ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, can induce pyroptosis and enhace anti-PD-1 therapy in an immunocompetent PDAC model.

Life’s transition between saltwater and freshwater environments requires major genetic innovations. This study reveals the key genes for salinity adaptation in Chlorella sp. MEM25, an early saltwater alga.

Chromatin profiling methods are often limited by a lack of suitable antibodies. Here, authors present Af-CUT&Tag, a chromatin profiling strategy based on CRISPR-integrated peptide tags which enables sensitive bulk and single-cell mapping of transcriptional regulators.

Ovarian cancer is common among women and is the leading cause of death from gynaecological malignancies. Here the authors identify two previously unknown genetic variants that increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in Han Chinese women.

Two-dimensional perovskite phases at the bottom interfaces of solar cells improve performance, but their formation is challenging. To address this, Zhao et al. graft the 2D perovskite-phase precursor onto a functionalized SnO₂ electrode substrate.

Jing Wang, Fengchun Zhang and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study of primary Sjögren's syndrome, a common autoimmune disease. They confirm associations in the STAT4, TNFAIP3 and HLA regions and identify a new susceptibility locus in the GTF2I region at 7q11.23.

Metal-cation-free CO₂ electroreduction in strong acid minimizes reactant loss and salt precipitation yet struggles with CO₂ activation and hydrogen evolution competition. Here, the authors report bioinspired sharp gold triangles with a proton-blocking layer that polarize CO₂ and suppress hydrogen evolution.

Conventional closed batteries are constrained by the electrical energy efficiency of 100%. Here, authors develop an open decoupled battery with an efficiency of 375% at 10 mA cm−2 through a three electrodynamic-potential design, realizing waste-to-energy conversion and electricity amplification.

Genetic risk loci for tuberculosis (TB) have so far been identified in African and Russian populations. Here, the authors perform a three-stage GWAS for TB in Han Chinese populations and find two risk loci near ESRRB and TGM6 and further demonstrate that tgm6 protects mice from Mtb infection.