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Catalytic reductive coupling of two electrophiles and one C = C bond is usually performed by two electron transfer metal catalysis. Herein, the authors show a visible light photoredox-catalyzed successive single electron transfer leading to dearomative arylcarboxylation of indoles with CO₂ and generating indoline-3-carboxylic acids.

How phosphorylation mediated by Insulin/IGF-1 Signaling kinases regulates lifespan remains unclear. Here the authors perform a large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of wildtype and IIS mutant C. elegans strains to reveal detailed functional insights into longevity.

A novel magnetized plasma rotator based on Frequency-Variable Faraday Rotation (FVFR) in the nonlinear plasma wake is put forward, which can manipulate efficiently the polarization of relativistic mid to far-infrared optical pulses and even THz waves.

Li Dong Wang and colleagues report a genome wide association study for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in the Chinese population. They identify two risk loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54.

Oxidative stress contributes significantly to postmenopausal osteoporosis by impairing osteoblast function, but its precise mechanisms remain unclear. Here, the authors show that estrogen deficiency reduces GPX4 expression, leading to phospholipid peroxidation that impairs osteoblastogenesis, while GPX4 activators including 6- and 8-Gingerols can mitigate these effects.

In a reverse-translational study followed by a clinical trial, the targeting of antigen-presenting mast cells was identified as a therapeutic approach to overcome anti-PD-1 resistance in patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer who experienced clinical benefit when treated with the mast cell stabilizer cromolyn.

Inhibition of immunocyte infiltration and activation has been suggested to ameliorate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Here, the authors show PirB/LILRB2 regulates the migration of macrophages during NASH by binding with ANGPTL8, which is involved in the regulation of NASH development.

Kucha is a rare variety of tea tree that produces the non-stimulatory theacrine instead of caffeine. Here the authors show that theacrine synthase from Kucha has N9-methyltransferase activity resulting from amino acid substitutions that explain substrate specificity and could potentially guide production of caffeine-free tea.

Here, Qi et al. assembled ~3000 archaeal genomes from hot springs, capturing temporal dynamics and environmental diversity, and systematically explored functional niches and metabolic handoffs, shedding light on Archaea’s role in biogeochemical cycling.

Few aerobic hyperthermophilic microorganisms are known to degrade polysaccharides. Here, Nou et al. use genomic information to enrich and optical tweezers to isolate an aerobic hyperthermophilic bacterium that can grow at 65–87.5 °C using polysaccharides as sole carbon sources.

This study examining blood transcriptomic, neuroimaging and clinical data in people with schizophrenia shows a relationship between individual variations in gene transcription, brain structure and cognitive performance.

Methane metabolism by some lineages of Archaea contributes to the cycling of carbon on Earth. Here, the authors show high diversity of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (Mcr), a key enzyme associated with archaeal methane/alkane metabolism, in hot spring Archaea, and investigate their ecological roles and evolution.

Vapour-liquid-solid process is widely used to prepare a variety of one-dimensional nanostructures, but a quantitative understanding of the growth mechanism is missing. Here, Wang et al. show that the surface curvature oscillation of the liquid tip determines the growing process and thus the morphology.

Dongxin Lin, Philip Taylor, Li-Dong Wang and colleagues have now pooled three genome-wide association analyses of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, finding two new risk loci at genome-wide significance and an HLA class II locus of significance in high-risk populations. They reanalyze the strength of evidence for previously published risk loci.

Geothermal environments are hotspots for carbon cycling. Here, De Anda et al. reconstruct archaeal genomes from terrestrial and deep-sea geothermal sediments, and propose the classification of these microbes as a new phylum, ‘Brockarchaeota’, with unique metabolic capabilities including non-methanogenic anaerobic methylotrophy.

The phylum of archaea Aigarchaeota is poorly characterized due to limited genomic sampling. Here, Hua and colleagues use genome-resolved metagenome sequencing to reconstruct six hot spring strains of Aigarchaeota and then infer their metabolism and evolutionary history.

Circular RNAs are non-coding RNAs that are enriched in the CNS, but their role in chronic pain is not known. Here the authors show that CircAnks1a in dorsal horn neurons contributes to pain-like hypersensitivity in a rodent model of neuropathic pain, via a VEGF mechanism.

Serotonin is important in depression-like behavior. Here the authors show that dorsal raphe neurons that project to the ventral tegmental area are involved in regulating stress responses in mice.

A search for methyl-coenzyme M reductase complex (MCR) and MCR-like homologues—which govern methane and short-chain alkane metabolism—across publicly available metagenomes reveals that these metabolic pathways are widespread and diverse in archaea, and may in some organisms be linked to alkane and/or fatty acid oxidation.

Genomic analyses of major clades of huge phages sampled from across Earth’s ecosystems show that they have diverse genetic inventories, including a variety of CRISPR–Cas systems and translation-relevant genes.

Analyses of multiple phylogenetic marker datasets of Asgard archaea provide insight into the transition from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, specifically placing eukaryotes within Asgard archaea and as a sister lineage to Hodarchaeales.

The analysis of existing metagenomic data can lead to discovery of new microorganisms. Here, Eloe-Fadrosh et al. perform a large-scale analysis of global metagenomic data, followed by genome reconstruction and single-cell genomics, to describe a new bacterial phylum that inhabits geothermal springs.

Trace metals have been an important ingredient for life throughout Earth’s history. Here, the authors show that a member of an elusive archaeal lineage (Caldarchaeales or Aigarchaeota) requires tungsten for growth, and provide evidence that tungsten-dependent metabolism played a role in the origin and evolution of this lineage.

Hsa_circ_0001304 relies on miR-636 to target the YTHDF2/mTOR axis, thereby activating VSMC autophagy and exacerbating vascular neointimal hyperplasia.

The authors build a reference phylogeny of 10,575 evenly-sampled bacterial and archaeal genomes, based on 381 markers. The results indicate a remarkably closer evolutionary proximity between Archaea and Bacteria than previous estimates that used fewer “core” genes, such as the ribosomal proteins.