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Introducing cost-effective CaO removes aluminium impurities in magnesium vapour with over 90% efficiency, enabling the affordable, large-scale production of high-purity magnesium with low aluminium.

Here, the authors show that the interplay of oxygen vacancies and erbium emitters in bismuth oxyhalides enables reversible, high-contrast switching of upconversion emission, offering a new strategy for high-level anticounterfeiting.

The physiologic roles of the neurotransmission from PVHCRH neurons remain untested. Here, authors show differential roles of glutamate and CRH release from PVHCRH neurons in diet-induced obesity but a permissive role for their release in the HPA axis.

Unlike animals, plant possess mitochondria and chloroplasts and exhibit a unique defensive adaptation to stress. Here, the authors demonstrate the feasibility of restoring organelle interaction network homeostasis in animal cells by introducing plant-derived photosynthetic systems.

Glycolysis has long been considered a process restricted exclusively to the cytoplasm. Here, the authors show that a functional glycolytic pathway operates inside mitochondria to maintain organelle health, identifying the VWA8-PHB2-GRP75 complex as a critical regulator that offers a promising therapeutic target for mitochondrial diseases like retinitis pigmentosa.

Authors show that spread of H7 avian influenza viruses is driven by geographic distance and temperature. Anseriformes, or waterfowl, propel long-range dissemination, while Galliformes, or land fowl, facilitate local amplification.

Here they assemble a cross-species single-cell transcriptomic atlas of mammalian placentas and show that trophoblast diversification underlies placental evolution, while identifying TGIF1 as a regulator associated with preeclampsia and pregnancy loss.

Nonreciprocal magneto-transport is often attributed to Zeeman-driven mechanisms. Here, the authors identify Lorentz skew scattering nonreciprocal magneto-transport in BiTeBr which emerges from the cooperation of classical Lorentz force and quantum skew scattering.

A new metasurface design method achieves ultra-dispersive metalenses with phase variations exceeding 1200π—a more than 30-fold enhancement over existing approaches—enabling miniature chromatic confocal sensors with 13 mm range and 50 nm resolution.

The authors investigate a magnetic “control knob” for quantum matter: rotating an in-plane field flips nanoscale charge patterns like memory bits with hysteresis, revealing hidden spin–charge choreography and enabling reprogrammable quantum devices.

Foldamer M4 inhibits Aβ42 aggregation, disrupts existing assemblies, and restores neuronal function. This foldamer reduces oxidative stress, improves mitochondrial integrity, and alleviates pathology and cognitive decline in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.

Preeclampsia is a serious pregnancy complication, but early identification of women at risk remains difficult due to limited biomarkers. Here, the authors show that cell-free DNA fragmentomics from maternal blood can predict preeclampsia risk early in pregnancy.

Ru-catalyzed asymmetric ring-closing metathesis (ARCM) reactions are less reported and restricted to the synthesis of tertiary stereocenters. Herein, the authors report ARCM to produce chiral heterocyclic compounds with quaternary stereocenters, by synthesizing stereogenic-at-Ru catalysts via controllable C–H activation.

This study shows that the UMOD p.H36Y mutation promotes kidney inflammation by enabling mutant tubular cells to trigger macrophage pyroptosis through the App–Cd74 pathway.

Yang et al. report a molecular confinement strategy that regulates self-assembled monolayer packing and stabilizes buried interfaces in inverted perovskite solar cells, enabling a power conversion efficiency of 26.84% with an 86.6% fill factor.

Periodontitis treatment is challenged by senescent stem cells in the periodontal niche. Here, authors develop a multifunctional hydrogel that alleviates hypoxia and stem cell aging, and restores microbial balance to accelerate regeneration.

The authors conducted two trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NH600001, an etomidate derivative, in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The results showed NH600001 has a sedative effect while reducing the risk of adrenocortical depression.

NiO electrochromic devices degrade under high voltage due to strengthened metal–oxygen bonding and metastable phase accumulation. Here, authors tune covalency via Mo doping to enable regenerable heterojunctions, achieving over 17,000 cycles with high optical contrast and efficiency.

Despite the global prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, its maternal–fetal interface during the first trimester remains underexplored. Here, the authors combined a cohort of 700+ samples and determine that maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in the first trimester rarely infects placental tissue but alters immune responses and cellular communication, which may influence pregnancy outcomes.

The study develops a lightweight vision model for monitoring transmission lines, integrating hazard detection, depth transformation, pose estimation, and point cloud structure sparsification to enhance real-time hazard detection and distance measurement, validated in diverse terrains and weather conditions.

An intrinsic hub that integrates the OsRALF4-THE3-RbohB pathway with the binding of OsRALF4-demethylesterified pectin modulates meristem homeostasis by balancing O₂⁻ and promotes cell expansion by pectin demethylesterification and condensation.

A direct condensation strategy between amino and carboxyl groups is established to synthesize 2D polyaramide. Partially conjugated amide bonds confer slower charge recombination and higher O₂ activation rate compared to fully conjugated 2D polyimide.

Enhancer RNAs and other noncoding RNAs are difficult to monitor in living cells. Here, the authors develop REDDIT, a sensitive reporter for tracking transcription of coding and noncoding RNAs, and use it to identify pathways regulating a lncRNA and an enhancer RNA in stem cells.

Despite rapid development of model algorithms, more evidence is needed on the widespread clinical implementation of auto-segmentation tools. In this prospective, multicenter, observational trial, the authors find that AI-assisted delineation performs better than manual delineation while improving time efficiency and reducing performance metrics variability across centers and physicians with varying expertise.

Calcium and oxygen are abundant elements in the Earth’s mantle, largely present as calcium oxide. Here the authors show, by experiments and computations, that calcium ozonide (CaO₃) is stabilized at the high pressures and temperatures characteristic of the lower mantle, with implications for the deep Earth’s chemistry.

Euglena gracilis is a representative green-lineage secondary endosymbiont. Here, the authors present a 2.35-Å cryo-EM structure of its photosystem I supercomplex. The structure reveals the organization of diadinoxanthin-rich LHCE antenna subunits.

The Cement market drives massive GHG emissions, spurring low-carbon material innovation. Here, authors propose a prehydration strategy to convert steel slag into high-performance cementitious material. Crucially, its carbon footprint is just 34–40% of cement’s, offering a positive climate solution.

By developing frequency locking and time synchronization between independent ultrastable lasers and atomic clocks, twin-field quantum key distribution is demonstrated over 14.2-km turbulent free-space channels, with a secure key rate exceeding the repeaterless capacity bound.

Hua et al. report a rigid molecule to partially replace oleylamine ligands and vertically anchors on the CsPbI3 nanoplatelets, suppressing electron-phonon coupling. The rigid-ligand pinning strategy enables pure-red LEDs with a linewidth of 24 nm, efficiency of 29.8%, and operational lifetime of 128.2 h.

Site-selective valence isomerism in a Ni–carboxylate metal–organic framework simultaneously modulates magnetic properties, chiroptical response, and oxygen evolution catalysis, demonstrating that controlled metal-node valence states enable multifunctionality in reticular materials.

Cell-free systems hold potential for nucleic acid assays but are limited by the need for pre-amplification. Here the authors develop a cell-free diagnostic platform that detects viral RNA without pre-amplification demonstrating uses on six respiratory viruses in under 70 minutes with attomolar sensitivity.

Caliber Force Theory extends the thermodynamic structure of equilibrium statistical physics to nonequilibrium systems. The framework derives generalized conjugate relations and transport laws, offering a unified approach to modelling dynamics far from equilibrium.

A spatially decoupled electrochemical strategy bypasses lime passivation and delivers efficient, cost-effective, and low-carbon phosphorus recovery from wastewater, unlocking progressive water resource recovery and industrial decarbonization.

Using pear as a study system, the biosynthetic pathway of acetophenones has been elucidated: naturally impaired side-chain shortening of aromatic 3-ketoacyl-CoAs leads them to undergo hydrolysis, followed by decarboxylation, to yield acetophenones.

Emerging evidence suggests that organs age at different rates. This study identifies a mechanism by which the naturally hypoxic intervertebral disc ages relatively slowly, via selective autophagy of HIF-1α, and designs a small molecule to export this mechanism across tissues.

Authors reconstruct the molecular evolution of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in East Asia. SFTSV splits into two lineages with diversity driven by segment-specific reassortment; transmission occurs via distinct networks.

In this study, the authors identify an Aurka–Bhlhe41 axis, which prevents microglia from aging-like dysfunction by limiting CD22 upregulation, preserving myelin debris clearance and remyelination, and highlighting a potential therapy target for neurodegeneration.

This study shows that novelty exposure alleviates pain and anxiety in mice by activating a specific ensemble of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus, revealing distinct neural circuits that mediate the therapeutic benefits of attention distraction.

Investigating how aging predisposes individuals to a higher metastatic risk, the authors identify that extracellular vesicles secreted by senescent hepatocytes carry miRNAs that enhance metastatic potential in tumor-bearing aged mice, with relevance for older adults with cancer.

Microplastics and nanoplastics were found at a higher level in brain tumour samples from living patients than in healthy human brain samples from cadavers, with a correlation between microplastic surface area and tumour proliferation.

A high-quality bread wheat genome reveals that prioritized selection on variable gluten genes and enhanced epistatic interactions drove the adaptive evolution of wheat end-use quality, offering a blueprint for future breeding.

LHAASO has detected γ-ray emission with a spectrum extending to 2 PeV from the pulsar wind nebula (PWN) powered by PSR J1849-0001, indicating an extreme particle acceleration efficiency and challenging the current particle acceleration theories.