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Modeling antibody-antigen complexes boosts biomedical research and therapeutic design. To tackle slow antibody development, the authors’ tFold System designs epitope-specific antibodies, with their nanomolar affinities experimentally confirmed.

Wang et al. profile age-dependent miRNAomic changes in worm tissues and extracellular vesicles (EVs). They show that ageing controls miRNAs in a tissue-specific manner and their findings further suggest a complex EV-mediated miRNA trafficking network across tissues.

Lu, Wang et al. show in mice that the pre-existing embryonic coronary plexus at the inner myocardium undergoes angiogenic expansion through DLL4–NOTCH1 signalling to vascularize the expanding myocardium.

Photonic topological states can possess exceptional properties, but their protection is approximate, depending on the type of band topology. This Perspective clarifies these differences and explains their implications for technological applications.

Base editing technology has great potential in treating pathogenic single-nucleotide variations. Using a dual-AAV base editing system, Wu et al. restored visual functions in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa.

Wu, Zhao, Wang, Zhang, Hang et al. describe a mouse model of CNGA1-retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and the effect of AAV-mediated gene augmentation. The model replicates key features of human patients, and it demonstrates that AAV-mediated gene augmentation restores vision and preserves photoreceptors.

Genetic analyses of teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, identify a locus (THP9) that is associated with high seed protein content and increased nitrogen-use efficiency, suggesting that THP9 could have applications in crop breeding.

The mechanisms underlying the interplay between tumour cells and the microenvironment remain to be explored. Here, the authors report that the transcription factor FOXM1 epigenetically silences the DNA sensing pathway suppressing anti-tumour immunity and immune memory.

Animals sense multiple environmental cues simultaneously and use this sensory information to regulate feeding behaviour, which is fundamental to survival. Li and co-workers describe a central circuit inCaenorhabditis elegansthat can be activated by attractive odours or repellents to facilitate or suppress feeding behaviour.

Cotton bollworm is an important agricultural pest with widespread resistance to insecticides. Here Wang et al. identifies CYP6AEs from cotton bollworm involved in detoxifying plant toxins and chemical insecticides through the CRISPR-Cas9-based reverse genetics approach in conjunction with in vitro metabolism.

The mutation of ARFTF17 results in the development of flint kernel architecture in dent maize by reducing excessive pericarp length. This discovery holds significant potential for enhancing grain quality in elite, high-yielding dent maize hybrids.

Hepatocellular carcinoma can arise from hepatitis as a consequence of persistent inflammation. Here, Yang et al.show that the protein G-protein-coupled receptor adaptor β-arrestin1 promotes hepatocellular carcinogenesis through pro-inflammatory Akt signalling.

Here, the authors show how Aurora kinase A (AURKA) employs Rab1a to direct ER remodeling. Activated Rab1A is retained on the ER and directly interacts with the RTN/REEP ER-shaping machinery to promote its oligomerization, eventually triggering an increase of ER complexity during mitosis.

Ciliogenesis requires the removal of CP110 from the mother centriole, and is influenced by actin dynamics. Zhu and colleagues now show that the microRNA miR-129-3p controls primary cilia formation in vertebrates by downregulating CP110 and targeting multiple actin regulators to suppress actin dynamics.

Very little is known about how vitreous endosperm in the mature maize kernel is created. Here, via map-based cloning, the authors find that mutation of a β-carotene hydroxylase 3 encoding gene Ven1 affects carotenoids and lipids composition, which consequently influences amyloplast envelope integrity.

Recurrent sporadic mutations are important risk factors for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) but have been primarily investigated in European cohorts. Here, Eichler, Xia and colleagues analyse risk genes in a large Chinese ASD cohort and find novel recurrences of potential pathogenic significance.

Little is known about the developmental causes of aortic root defects. Here the authors show that the inactivation of Sox17 in aortic root endothelium results in aortic root defects affecting aortic valve and coronary ostium.

Though coronary arteries are crucial for heart function, the mechanisms guiding their formation are largely unknown. Here, Wang et al. identify a unique, endocardially-derived angiogenic precursor cell population for coronary artery formation in mice and show that a DLL4/NOTCH1/VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling axis is key for coronary artery development.

Bulk ultrafine-grained steel is prepared by an approach that involves the rapid production of coherent, disordered nanoprecipitates, which restrict grain growth but do not interfere with twinning or dislocation motion, resulting in high strength and ductility.

The 21-cm absorption lines from atomic hydrogen, known as the 21-cm forest, are here proposed to probe simultaneously dark matter particle mass and cosmic heating history. With upcoming observational facilities, the statistical features of the 21-cm forest will constrain the nature of dark matter and the first galaxies at cosmic dawn.

Ordered oxygen complexes in high-entropy alloys enhance both strength and ductility in these compositionally complex solid solutions.

The mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte proliferation during development and cardiac regeneration are incompletely understood. The authors show that the transcription factor REST regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation by binding and repressing the cell cycle inhibitor p21.

Topological phenomena in photonics have been found of great importance in realizing advanced semiconductor laser. Here the authors demonstrate the manipulation of the light emission profiles from a Kekulé-modulated topological bulk cavity in a topological-protection manner, where the achieved lateral beam shifts in light polarizations could be useful for the laser design and photonic sensing applications.

Combining four years of field data with computer modeling reveals that development of resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins (Bt) in cotton bollworm can be delayed by refuges of non-Bt host plants other than cotton, but that these so-called ‘natural refuges’ are not as effective as non-Bt cotton refuges.

Mechanistic exploration of LINCRNA and protein sheds light on the role of LINC02139/XIAP and their interactions in the gastric cancer progression.