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Performance of solid-state triplet fusion upconversion films is enhanced by surface plasmons, intensity threshold is reduced by a factor of 17 and external quantum efficiency is enhanced by a factor of 19. A white-emitting organic light-emitting diode featuring upconverted blue emission—rather than blue electroluminescence—is demonstrated, with a colour rendering index of up to 86.2.

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are key volatile biomarkers in breath for non-invasive disease detection, but methanol-driven esterification during thermal desorption workflows can convert SCFAs into methyl esters, leading to substantial loss of parent acids and distorted biomarker measurements. Here, the authors show that this reaction occurs in the liquid phase and accelerates with higher temperatures and prolonged storage, highlighting the need for improved protocols to ensure accurate VOC-based diagnostics.

DNA in many bacteriophages contains unusual chemical modifications. Here, the authors discover that carboxymethylcytosine is a natural DNA base and reveal its role as an intermediate enabling further DNA hypermodification.

Detecting early allopolyploidy events and understanding the specific subgenomic evolution contributing to the origin of adaptive innovations for species radiation are challenging. Here, the authors address these problems by analyzing nine newly assembled genomes of Salicaceae species from different genera.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

Interlayer coupling strength classifies 2D materials into layered and non-layered types. Here authors introduce the concept of quasi-layered domino-structured materials, the interlayer of which have a synergistic blend of vdW forces and covalent bonds.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Whole-genome sequencing data from more than 2,500 cancers of 38 tumour types reveal 16 signatures that can be used to classify somatic structural variants, highlighting the diversity of genomic rearrangements in cancer.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this study the authors consider the structural variants (SVs) present within cancer cases of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium. They report hundreds of genes, including known cancer-associated genes for which the nearby presence of a SV breakpoint is associated with altered expression.

There’s an emerging body of evidence to show how biological sex impacts cancer incidence, treatment and underlying biology. Here, using a large pan-cancer dataset, the authors further highlight how sex differences shape the cancer genome.

In somatic cells the mechanisms maintaining the chromosome ends are normally inactivated; however, cancer cells can re-activate these pathways to support continuous growth. Here, the authors characterize the telomeric landscapes across tumour types and identify genomic alterations associated with different telomere maintenance mechanisms.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Integrative analyses of transcriptome and whole-genome sequencing data for 1,188 tumours across 27 types of cancer are used to provide a comprehensive catalogue of RNA-level alterations in cancer.

Viral pathogen load in cancer genomes is estimated through analysis of sequencing data from 2,656 tumors across 35 cancer types using multiple pathogen-detection pipelines, identifying viruses in 382 genomic and 68 transcriptome datasets.

Whole-genome sequencing data for 2,778 cancer samples from 2,658 unique donors across 38 cancer types is used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of cancer, revealing that driver mutations can precede diagnosis by several years to decades.

Some cancer patients first present with metastases where the location of the primary is unidentified; these are difficult to treat. In this study, using machine learning, the authors develop a method to determine the tissue of origin of a cancer based on whole sequencing data.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

Cancers evolve as they progress under differing selective pressures. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, the authors present the method TrackSig the estimates evolutionary trajectories of somatic mutational processes from single bulk tumour data.

Heterologous expression of an active, metallocentre-containing nitrogenase in a non-diazotrophic host is challenging. Now, the heterologous biosynthetic pathway of Mo-nitrogenase is pieced together in Escherichia coli using genes from Azotobacter vinelandii and Methanosarcina acetivorans.

Soil conceals a vast realm of unexplored microbes, often referred to as the “microbial dark matter.” This hidden universe boasts a rich tapestry of microbial and genetic biodiversity. Here, the authors introduce the SMAG catalogue, comprising of 40,039 metagenome-assembled genomes from 3304 soil metagenomes, and uncovering 21,077 species-level genome bins.

Rhizosphere viruses mediate arsenic (As) biogeochemistry by promoting lysogeny in As-oxidizing microbes. Metagenomics, metabolic modeling, and in vitro experiments estimate rhizosphere lysogenic viruses contribute to up to 25% of microbial As oxidation.

Many tumours exhibit hypoxia (low oxygen) and hypoxic tumours often respond poorly to therapy. Here, the authors quantify hypoxia in 1188 tumours from 27 cancer types, showing elevated hypoxia links to increased mutational load, directing evolutionary trajectories.

Analysing biogeographic patterns in soil viromes based on 1,824 soil metagenomes from sites around the world, the authors show that viral diversity rarely corresponds to overall microbial diversity, with soil texture and moisture being closely associated with viral diversity.

Ageing is linked to environmental factors. This study shows that although participants gradually adapted to heat over time, cumulative exposure to heatwaves had stable and adverse impacts on ageing, especially among manual workers, rural residents and those with limited air conditioning.

Analysis of research articles and patent applications shows that members of teams that collaborate remotely are less likely to make breakthrough discoveries than members of on-site teams.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

The exploration of heterogeneous interfaces between metal oxides has received limited attention. Here the authors demonstrated the creation of MnO₂-Mn_xCo_3-xO₄ interfaces through controlled chemical reduction processes, effectively altering electron distribution and yielding a superior catalyst for ethane oxidation.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a role in starvation-induced autophagy, but a role in mitochondrial damage-induced mitophagy is not known. Here, Liang et al. show that AMPK is recruited to damaged mitochondria in an N-myristoylation-dependent manner and in turn recruits the ATG16 autophagy complex.

RPA protects the integrity of single stranded DNA during DNA repair processes. Here the authors show how RPA actively participates in DNA transactions through its interactions with the endonuclease Dna2.

The regulation of the distinct intrinsic phenotypic states in melanoma remain poorly characterised. Here, multi-omics analysis for a panel of 68 early passage melanoma cell lines reveals that cancer cell intrinsic transcriptomic programs are associated with distinct immune features.

Drug delivery implants suffer from diminished release profiles due to fibrous capsule formation over time. Here, the authors use soft robotic actuation to modulate the immune response of the host to maintain drug delivery over the longer-term and to perform controlled release in vivo.

A customizable soft robotic aortic sleeve can recapitulate the haemodynamics and biomechanics of aortic stenosis, as shown in a porcine model of the disease.

p85β (PIK3R2), a regulatory subunit of PI3K, has oncogenic properties. Here the authors show that p85β promotes AXL protein stability, which in turn activates p110 to induce PDK1/SGK3 signaling, and therapeutically, p85β-expressing ovarian cancer cells are sensitive to AXL inhibition.

Loss of PIK3R1 in ovarian cancer is a common event, which provides opportunities for therapeutic intervention. Here, the authors show that the STAT3 and AKT signaling pathways are activated upon PIK3R1 loss and that, in mice, inhibitors of these pathways could block tumorigenesis.

Analysis of whole-genome sequencing data across 2,658 tumors spanning 38 cancer types shows that chromothripsis is pervasive, with a frequency of more than 50% in several cancer types, contributing to oncogene amplification, gene inactivation and cancer genome evolution.

A structural and functional analysis of the systems involved in oligosaccharide uptake in gut Bacteroidetes describes multicomponent complexes termed utilisomes that include pre-processing and transport subunits.

Efficient, large-scale genomic analysis is facilitated on the cloud by a computational tool with error-diagnosing and self-healing capabilities.

Despite the potential utility of C-glycosides, synthetic routes for their synthesis are limited. Here, the authors used rational directed evolution of the glycosyltransferase MiCGT to generate MiCGT-QDP and MiCGT-ATD mutants which either enhance C-glycosylation or switch to O-glycosylation, respectively, and reveal the substrate binding mode that governs C-/O-glycosylation selectivity.

The prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer is complicated by heterogeneity. Here, the authors reveal two molecular subtypes, the mesenchymal subtype associated with poor survival and chemoresistance, and the epithelial phenotype associated with better survival and sensitivity to chemotherapy.