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Ischemic stroke involves complex peripheral and central pathologies. Here, authors develop a spatially tiered strategy using dual stiffness nanoparticles for compartment-specific drug delivery, offering a synergistic treatment paradigm.

A genome-wide association study in rice identifies variation in SBRR1 associated with sheath blight resistance. Introducing the SBRR1-R allele into a commercial rice variety reduces yield loss under severe exposure to sheath blight disease.

Grain protein content determines rice nutrition quality. Here, the authors show that a single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of OsGluA2, encoding a glutelin type-A2 precursor, is responsible for glutelin content difference between the indica and japonica rice subspecies.

The positive sensitivity of terrestrial evapotranspiration to growing-season averaged leaf area index is projected to weaken over about 80% of global land area by 2100, according to integration of satellite data and CMIP6 Earth system model simulations.

Recently, anti-resonant hollow-core fibers have emerged as an important medium for high-power laser delivery. Here, authors demonstrate a highly efficient, all-fiber delivery of 2 kW laser over 2.45 km, using a self-fabricated AR-HCF with a record low transmission loss of 0.168 dB/km at 1080 nm.

Sclerostin impairs whole-body lipidandglucosemetabolism. Here, the authors further demonstrate that adipocytic sclerostin loop3-LRP4 interactionparticipatesin the impairment effect of sclerostin on whole-body lipid and glucose metabolism.

The structure of layered oxides dictates their properties as positive electrodes in sodium-ion batteries, but its rational design remains challenging. Here, authors employ electronegativity and configurational entropy as a design descriptor to guide the synthesis of a sodium-deficient layered oxide with an O3 stacking sequence, rendering good thermal and air stability.

RNA base editing offers promise for treating genetic diseases but has faced efficiency limits. Here, authors developed AI-engineered APOBEC enzymes (ProAPOBECs) that enable precise RNA editing in mice, lowering cholesterol and improving autism-like behaviors.

Sepsis’s profound heterogeneity complicates prognosis and stratification. Here, the authors show that SepsisFormer and SMART, explainable AI models integrating coagulation–inflammation markers, enable outcome prediction, real-time risk assessment, and subgroup identification to guide sepsis therapy.

Controlling the reactivity of the propagating chain end in polymerization reactions is crucial for achieving well-defined polymers. Here, the authors present a strategy for processive catalytic polymerization by encapsulating catalysts for ring-opening metathesis polymerization into the sub-surface cages of a metal-organic framework.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are a promising platform for mRNA delivery, but their use in inflammatory pulmonary diseases is limited by reactogenicity and suboptimal delivery. Here, the authors report a VATPase activating non-inflammatory LNP (NIF-LNP) exhibiting a 40fold enhancement in lung protein expression without causing significant reactogenicity compared to commercial LNPs.

Sequence-specific DNA endonucleases have found numerous applications in biology, but similar manipulations of RNA have been limited by the lack of suitable enzymes. These authors combine a cleavage domain with a designable binding domain and demonstrate the resulting RNA endonuclease's utilityin vitroand in cells.

Genetic bases of grain shape differentiation between the two subspecies of Asian cultivated rice have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors report GSE9, a de novo gene evolved from a non-coding region of wild rice through acquisition of start codon, contributes to the grain shape difference between the two subspecies.

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) is an emerging therapeutic that can lead to proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Here, the authors combine nano-scale, automated synthesis and cell-based, direct-to-biology screening, allowing them to discover and profile Molecular Glues (MGs) degrading substrates via the Cereblon E3 ubiquitin ligase.

Excessive glucocorticoid (GC) action is linked to various metabolic disorders. Here the authors show that elevated expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), the enzyme driving local bone GC activation, is associated with bone loss and obesity mice.

Here the authors developed a methyl-specific metabolic labeling approach for global analysis covering diverse methylation types. His methylation is found in C3H1 zinc fingers. U2AF1 is used to highlight the role of His methylation in ZFs in RNA metabolism.

Engineered splicing factors, consisting of an RNA recognition motif and a functional splicing module, can target a specific mRNA sequence and activate or suppress splicing of endogenous mRNAs.

A cell-based screen for intronic splicing silencers revealed ten sequence motifs that inhibited splicing in human cells and either enhanced or inhibited exon inclusion when inserted into exons. Identification of trans-acting splicing factors for each motif revealed a complex network, which suggests that cis elements function differently in distinct cellular contexts, depending on the regulatory factors present.

DAZAP1 is a multi-functional RNA-binding protein that affects diverse aspects of RNA metabolism. Here, Choudhury et al.demonstrate that DAZAP1 acts as a general splice activator regulated by MEK/ERK signalling and thereby serves to integrate splice control into the regulation of cellular proliferation.

Superconductivity can emerge from a strange-metal state, but the exact relationship between them is unknown. Now, quantitative measurements reveal the dependence of resistivity in the strange metal on the superconducting transition temperature.

Tools for the spatiotemporal control of protein abundance are valuable in studying diverse complex biological processes. Here, authors engineered a protein tag which is stabilized upon light induction but which quickly degrades the protein of interest in the dark, demonstrating control of protein stability in yeast and zebrafish.

Unbiased screen of random sequences identified many short IRES-like elements to drive circular RNA translation and hundreds of rolling circle translation events, suggesting a pervasive cap-independent translation in human transcriptome.

It is unclear how indirect CO₂ effect – via associated climate change – on vegetation carbon uptake changes globally. Here, the authors show that such initial positive effect has declined recently, shifting to negative in the early 21st century.

Alternative splicing increases genome coding potential and is affected by factors including the hnRNPs. The effect of altering splice site strength on splicing activity is now found to be antagonized by nearby hnRNP H binding sites. Other splicing factor sites may have similar effects and may thus have influenced splice form evolution.

The Hippo/Yap signalling pathway is found deregulated in several cancers. Here, the authors uncover an additional mechanism of YAP regulation that occurs via alternately spliced isoform of TEAD4, which acts as a dominant negative regulator of YAP-TEAD signalling.

The inability to access well-defined polysaccharides in sufficient quantities has hampered our understanding of their structure–function relationships. Now it has been shown that native precision polysaccharides can be readily prepared via living polymerization of 1,6-anhydrosugars. The obtained polymers display excellent chemical recyclability, suggesting their potential utility as a class of sustainable materials.

Artificial spin ices consist of small magnets arranged in a lattice. Their simplicity belies their rich behaviour; they allowed for the investigation of effective magnetic monopoles, and more recently have been suggested as promising platforms for neuromorphic computing. For this latter function, efficient readout of the artificial spin ice state is critical. In this manuscript, Hu et al succeed in distinguishing artificial spin ice states using simple transport measurements.

Extant representatives of the earliest land plant lineages adapt to various terrestrial habitats with structural and physiological innovations. Here the authors show a dual-coding gene in the moss Physcomitrella patens evolved from a hemerythrin gene, with effects on oil body biogenesis and dehydration resistance.

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are interesting for nanophotonic applications due to their high refractive index and excitonic properties. Here, the authors report a scalable bottom-up fabrication method to realize arrays of TMDC metastructures showing dielectric optical modes and self-coupled exciton-polaritons.

A systematic, unbiased screen for general intronic splicing enhancers (ISEs) identified >100 ISEs that promote intron splicing but inhibit splicing in exons. Putative trans-factors for clusters of ISEs were identified, validated and were found to control ISE activity in a context-dependent manner. Altogether, the data provide a comprehensive picture of how ISEs function depending on their location and cognate trans-factors.

Neuropeptide Y signalling in the periphery contributes to the regulation of metabolic and energy homeostasis. Here the authors show that blocking Y1R signalling in peripheral tissues using the selective antagonist BIBO3304 ameliorates diet-induced obesity and improves whole-body glucose metabolism.

Differences in shallow- and deep-earthquake characteristics can be explained by Earth’s depth-dependent rigidity instead of different rupture processes, according to machine learning classification of moderate to large earthquakes.

The chromatin-associated protein AKAP95 is known for its chromatin-related functions including enhancing transcription. Here the authors show that AKAP95 interacts with the splicing regulatory factors as well as RNAs to regulate the inclusion of exons and pre-mRNA splicing.

The tight regulation of each step of spliceosome assembly from small nuclear RNAs and associated proteins requires coordination between distinct cellular compartments. This in turn dictates where and when alternative splicing occurs and is vital for normal gene expression control.