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LARGE1 glycosyltransferase synthesizes matriglycan (xylose-glucuronate)_n on dystroglycan, and short matriglycan can cause neuromuscular disorders. Authors show that LARGE1 processively polymerizes matriglycan of defined length on prodystroglycan.

Cryo-electron and atomic force microscopy shed light on how fibrils of the protein tau, which accumulate in the brain of people with Alzheimer’s disease, can be disassembled by short peptides, providing a possible route towards developing treatments.

Inspired by the rich ion dynamics and interplay in biological channels, the authors report cooperative and inhibitory ion transport in angstrom-scale acetate functionalized MoS₂ two-dimensional channels.

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can initiate an adaptive or maladaptive response after injuries of different severity. Here, the authors elucidate a chromatin-mediated mechanism underlying the responses of TECs to varying kidney injuries.

Genetic mutations are found in only 15% of sporadic ALS. Here, authors identify PCDHA9 as a candidate ALS gene and elucidate detailed underlying pathogenesis using mice with Pcdhα9 mutations that develop typical ALS phenotype and hallmark pathology.

Melting and squeezing pure metals between two sapphires covered in molybdenum disulfide produces diverse two-dimensional metals at the ångström thickness limit.

Hydrogen bonds impact the chemical, physical and biological properties of molecular materials, but are rarely able to induce significant changes in electrical properties. Now a dynamic-to-static transition of hydrogen bonds in an organic–inorganic superlattice has been shown to yield a metal–insulator transition with an on–off ratio of 10⁷ in electrical resistivity.

Bacterial allosteric transcription factors can sense and respond to a variety of small molecules. Here the authors present CaT-SMelor which uses Cas12a and allosteric transcription factors to detect small molecules in the nanomolar range.

Our structural understanding of class A penicillin binding proteins is incomplete due to the difficulty in their crystallization and the complexity of their substrates. Here, authors determine the structure of the 83 kDa class A PBP from Escherichia coli, PBP1b, using cryogenic electron microscopy and a styrene maleic acid anhydride membrane mimetic.

Liposomes are indispensable model membranes and drug carriers. Here, the authors use DNA nanostructures to coat, cluster, and pattern sub-100-nm liposomes, enabling attachment of proteins and temporal control of membrane fusion.

The cryogenic-electron microscopy structure of the D. thermocuniculi IsrB protein in complex with its cognate ωRNA and a target DNA shows that the RNA-dominant IsrB effector complex shares a common scaffold with the protein-dominant Cas9 effector complex.

The structure of the GABA_B receptor in an inactive state reveals, amongst other features, a latch between the two subunits that locks the transmembrane domain interface, and the presence of large phospholipids that may modulate receptor function.

The oncogenic Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is known to reprogram cellular metabolism. Here, Wan et al show that viral Cyclin exploits host nucleotide synthesis and glycolysis to support KSHV pathogenesis.

Circular ADAR-recruiting RNAs improve RNA editing in vitro and in a mouse disease model.

The flagella of mammalian sperm display non-planar, asymmetric beating, but the molecular basis is unclear. Chen et al. performed in situ cryo-ET of mouse and human sperm and discovered asymmetric distributions of regulatory complexes that could generate asymmetric bending force.

Many Gram-negative bacteria rely on a type III secretion system (T3SS) for their pathogenicity. Here authors present the cryo-EM structure of the E.coli T3SS ATPase-central stalk complex, which forms a homohexameric, asymmetric pore with different functional states.

Cryo-EM imaging of the needle complex of the SPI-1 type III secretion system from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium at different stages of complex assembly elucidates how needle assembly initiation is regulated and how the inner membrane and outer membrane rings of the complex interact, even with apparently incompatible symmetries.

Mutation associated neoantigens are a family of highly specific therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, the authors describe the cryo-EM structure of an antibody bound to a neoantigen complex providing insights into the specificity of the antibody.

2D MoS₂ is being intensively investigated as a promising candidate to extend the downscaling of electronic devices. Here, the authors report a buffer-layer-control method for the growth of wafer-scale single-crystalline MoS₂ monolayers on industry-compatible sapphire substrates with competitive optical and electronic properties.

Multi-omics characterization of ZIKA virus–infected mouse brains reveals metabolic reprogramming events, including dysregulation of NAD⁺ metabolism, the correction of which is shown to alleviate ZIKA virus–induced microcephaly.

The structural basis of the interactions between Rubisco and its intrinsically disordered linker protein provides insight into phase separation within the algal pyrenoid, an organelle responsible for around a third of global CO₂ fixation.

Cellular RNAs are edited with high specificity using engineered ADAR-recruiting RNAs.

The cryo-EM structure of a megacomplex between chimeric GPCR, G protein and β-arrestin in their canonical active conformations provides insight into the basis of sustained G protein signaling upon megacomplex internalization.

Human case studies suggest that Zika virus can be transmitted independently of mosquitoes and sexual contact. Here, the authors show intranasal Zika infection in different animal models and show that contact transmission of Zika virus occurs in guinea pigs.

The in vivo function of CRMP2 is unclear. Zhang et al. generate and characterize brain-specific Crmp2knockout mice. These mice show impairments in hippocampal neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and synaptic transmission, and exhibit schizophrenia-related behavioral deficits.

Cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analyses of the GATOR1 protein complex reveal that two binding modes underpin its ability to regulate Rag GTPases as a GTPase-activating protein for RAGA.

Resequencing of 302 soybean accessions and GWAS provide a comprehensive resource for soybean geneticists and breeders.

The structure of the yeast nuclear pore complex, determined at sub-nanometre precision using an integrative approach that combines a wide range of data, reveals details of its architecture, transport mechanism and evolutionary origins.

Essential long noncoding RNAs are identified using Cas9 targeting of splice sites.

Our cryo-optical microscopy rapidly freezes cells at an arbitrary timepoint during live imaging, enabling detailed observation of specific moments during dynamic events under cryogenic conditions.

Structural studies show that conserved residues in Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte-binding protein 2b determine interactions with transferrin receptor 1 that are essential for host invasion, suggesting avenues for designing vaccines that work across P. vivax strains.

A subnanometre-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Rh5–CyRPA–Ripr complex of Plasmodium falciparum provides insights into how this ligand interacts with the receptor basigin in erythrocyte hosts.

Magnetic reconnection drives the ejection of plasmas during solar flares through changes in the magnetic fields. Here, the authors use a laboratory-based experiment to create magnetic reconnection in a regime in which the plasma on one side of the reconnection is in a strongly collisional state, while it is weakly-collisional or collisionless on the other.