Demyelinating diseases articles from across Nature Portfolio

This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Latin America and how they might be influenced by genetic, environmental and socioeconomic factors that are unique to this region. The authors also describe diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis and current approaches to MS treatment and management in Latin American countries.

Myelin damage in multiple sclerosis can be detected up to 7 years before symptoms, with early immune pathway activation and a 21-protein panel showing promise for presymptomatic diagnosis.

In multiple sclerosis, smoldering inflammation contributes to clinical progression. Using multi-omics data, here the authors link chronic inflammation to senescence-like processes and cellular network changes, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.

PET imaging of synaptic vesicle protein 2A could enable visualization of grey matter pathology in multiple sclerosis, new work has shown.

A new study presented at the 2025 American Neurological Association Annual Meeting indicates that area postrema syndrome in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder is related to elevated levels of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 and its receptor GLP-1R.

A population cohort study has shown that Epstein–Barr virus interacts with genetics to increase the risk of multiple sclerosis.

We observed that an MRI surrogate of myelin content, myelin water fraction, is reduced in white matter regions after marathon running but recovers later. These findings suggest that brain myelin content is reversibly reduced after prolonged exercise, consistent with evidence in rodents that myelin lipids provide energy under extreme metabolic conditions.

The use of bioengineered implants has provided insight into the immunological processes that underlie progression in multiple sclerosis.