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In a warming climate, intensified wildfire emissions reduce global atmospheric oxidation capacity and amplify methane accumulation, leading to a positive climate feedback, according to an analysis of model projections from the 2000s to the 2050s.
The hydraulic response time of aquifers with similar residence times varies widely across the globe. Water levels in some aquifers containing fossil groundwater can be controlled by modern climates, according to an analysis of 31 major aquifers.
Sulfur isotope excursions in skeletal collagen samples from Eurasia suggest rapidly changing biogeochemical processes across the region from about 30,000 to 15,000 years ago, potentially related to changing permafrost conditions.
During the last deglaciation the Cordilleran Ice Sheet experienced semi-continuous meltwater events between about 20,000 and 17,000 years ago, according to a terrestrial cave sediment record that has been described and dated.
Coral bleaching and mortality are substantially overestimated in most model projections that are based on Degree Heating Months instead of Degree Heating Weeks, calling into question results generated using Degree Heating Months.
The 2021 flood in the Melamchi Valley of Nepal triggered a cascade of erosional effects that contributed to the substantial downstream impacts, according to an analysis of satellite imagery and digital surface models.
Freshwater being released from the Beaufort Gyre is accumulating in an Arctic Ocean buffer zone before it can reach the North Atlantic, according to an analysis of satellite observation and modelling.
Humans have caused 1.49 °C of warming compared with a pre-1700 baseline, a global estimate based on the linear relationship between atmospheric CO2 and temperature.
Oxygen is generated abiotically at the abyssal seafloor in the presence of polymetallic nodules, potentially by seawater electrolysis, according to in situ chamber and ex situ incubation experiments.
The increasing use of manufactured sand in China since 2010 has greatly reduced the proportion of natural sand in the country’s total sand supply, from 80% in 1995 to 21% in 2020, according to a material flow analysis of sand in China.
Nitrogen deposition in China decreased by 14% between 2010 and 2020, with greater declines in nitrogen from industrial than agricultural sources, according to decadal observations of atmospheric deposition of different forms of reactive nitrogen.
Neoproterozoic banded iron formations formed in partially glaciated oceans where iron-rich and oxygenated water masses met, according to ocean modelling.
Information on past environmental conditions stored within high-altitude glaciers is being lost due to accelerated melting associated with climate change, according to ice core analysis from a Swiss glacier.
Noble gas concentrations in the deep North Pacific indicate that sea-level pressure in Antarctic Bottom Water formation regions has changed over the past 2,000 years.
Glacier retreat in Greenland not only changes the primary productivity of downstream fjord ecosystems but also the ecosystem structure and functioning, according to seasonal sampling of two downstream fjords.
Analysis of changes in the Earth’s rotation in the Precambrian suggests that day length stabilized at 19 h for 1 billion years due to tidal resonance, which may have been linked to a relatively quiescent period of tectonic activity and biological evolution.
Regional recovery from microplastic pollution-induced marine deoxygenation may take hundreds of years, according to a combination of biogeochemical and microplastic modelling.
Iodine chemistry plays a more important role than bromine chemistry in tropospheric ozone losses in the Arctic, according to ship-based observations of halogen oxides from March to October 2020.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is currently distinctly weaker than it has been for the last millennium, according to a synthesis of proxy records derived from a range of techniques.
