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Cross-species transcriptomics on vulnerable neuronal populations unravels the transcription factor CREB3 and its regulatory network as resilience markers of ALS. Genetics and epidemiology further identify the protective rare variant CREB3R119G.

River meanders migrate much faster in barren than in vegetated landscapes, according to global analyses of active meander migration of both unvegetated and vegetated rivers. The difference in migration rates suggests that the rise of land plants had a significant influence on landscapes.

Some early-career researchers report feeling pressure to use animal models to meet journal and grant requirements, even in disciplines and projects that don’t require them.

HGF/c-MET upregulation is frequent in bladder cancer. Here, the authors show that HGF induces EMT and invasion by stabilising TGFβ receptor through inhibition of the SMURF2 ligase, and the combined blockade of MAPK and TGFβ pathways suppresses HGF-mediated bladder cancer progression.

Reported is a recombineering pipeline for efficient and large-scale gene modification in the mouse malarial parasite Plasmodium berghei.

Natural buffer molecules ensure the controlled and precise delivery of specific molecules in biology. Here, the authors replicate the natural buffer systems using aptamers with controlled binding efficiency to control and maintain the levels of free drugs both in vitro and in vivo.

Highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza lineage 2.3.4.4b has spread through the Americas in birds since 2021 with frequent spillover into mammals. Here, the authors characterise the dissemination of the virus in Chile and find evidence of sustained transmission between mammals.

In this Review the authors explore the emerging role of HER2 in urothelial carcinoma, highlighting its biological and clinical significance, the challenges of using HER2 as a biomarker, and the variability and complexity of HER2 assessment. Evidence supporting HER2-targeted therapies and future directions for research and clinical applications are also discussed.

Scaling up the number of atoms or ions in optical atomic clocks enables better precision, but this is often accompanied by interactions that limit the accuracy. Here, the authors propose and discuss using a three dimensional Coulomb crystal of one thousand Sn2+ ions as an optical atomic clock with both high precision and high accuracy.

The authors assemble a large database of native and introduced earthworm species richness and explore patterns of invasions as well as traits of the invasives relative to native species.

Closely related plant species can have drastically different abundances of transposable elements. Now it is shown that the genome of Arabis alpina has experienced a striking expansion of retrotransposons, probably shaped by reduced DNA methylation.

Biodiversity is unevenly distributed across the tree of life, and theoretical work suggests that biological complexity may be influential in forming these patterns. Here, Brinkworth et al. have shown that bird clades with more complex appendicular skeletons tend to have lower extant species richness.

The identification of tools dated to the time of Homo sapiens associated with microfloral evidence of wet tropical forests indicates that West African forests were occupied by humans much earlier in human evolution than previously thought.

Greenland’s ice loss depends on propagation of mass loss from the marine glacier termini to the interior. An analysis of surface elevation change in 16 glacier catchments shows that the up-glacier extent of thinning is limited by glacier geometry.

Some meeting organizers will boycott US states that have passed laws against abortions following last month’s US Supreme Court ruling.

The VGLUT3-p.T8I mutation was identified in patients with SUDs and EDs and introduced in a mouse line. Here, authors show that mutant mice have an imbalanced DA signaling in the dorsal striatum associated with maladaptive cocaine and food consumption.

Correlating aromatic carbons attached to fluorine with meta-position hydrogens in fluorine-labelled phenylalanines can yield two-dimensional correlations with narrow linewidths in large proteins. Adapting phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase increases the incorporation rate, while expanding the genetic code enables site-specific incorporation of fluorinated phenylalanine. The resulting HC_F-transverse relaxation-optimized spectroscopy can illuminate protein dynamics and drive multiplexed drug discovery campaigns.

Lasers drive modern research and technology. The modes of laser resonators are crucial for understanding complex cavities, beam propagation, and structured light. Here, the authors experimentally observe a new family of fundamental laser modes with inherent parabolic symmetry: the Boyer-Wolf Gaussian modes.

In type 1 diabetes, the immune system goes haywire and depletes insulin-producing cells. Drugs that interfere with this process could one day reverse the disease's course.

Hybridizations between different wild species and subspecies within Musa genus lead to the origin of current banana cultivars with different ploidy level and constitution. Here, the authors assemble seven genomes from different ancestral genetic groups and show the speciation process is accompanied by chromosome rearrangements.

Hervé, Scelfo et al. show that chromosome mis-segregation induces mTORC2- and ATR-mediated p53 activation through a mechanosensitive checkpoint at the nuclear envelope triggered by altered heterochromatin content and increased nuclear membrane tension.

Low-pressure wind tunnel experiments suggest that large sand ripples on Mars are drag ripples, not impact ripples. Windblown drag ripples constitute an untapped record of atmospheric evolution under tenuous atmospheres across the Solar System.

Analysis of medulloblastomas in humans and mice shows that the functional consequences of ZIC1 mutations are exquisitely dependent on the cells of origin that give rise to different subgroups of medulloblastoma.

A chitinase gene is responsible for the hybrid necrosis between two young Petunia species. This gene is tightly linked with genes in pollinator-mediated reproductive isolation, suggesting cooperation of pre- and post-zygotic barriers.

Chemical energy ferroelectrics show limited control of the energy release rate. Here, the authors design spatially programmed energetic ferroelectrics with controlled energy release rates from machine learning-directed additive manufacturing and ice-templating assembly.

A base-editing approach optimized to target the retina shows high editing rates in a mouse model of Stargardt disease, as well as in nonhuman primates and ex vivo human retinal explants, paving the way for potential clinical applications.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Multiplexed error-robust fluorescence in situ hybridization (MERFISH) together with deep-learning-based nucleus segmentation enabled the construction of a highly detailed and informative spatially resolved single-cell atlas of human fetal cortical development.

Kern Coquillat et al. show that NK cells rely on exogenous pyruvate import to support effector functions.

Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumours (siNETs) are rare bowel tumors generally considered to be a single entity. Here, the authors perform a multiomics analysis of siNETs and reveal four distinct molecular groups with clinical relevance, including groups linked to differentiation patterns, immunity, and mesenchymal properties.

Mathieu Blanchette and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of three Brassicaceae species, Leavenworthia alabamica, Sisymbrium irio and Aethionema arabicum. They include comparative genomic analysis with 6 additional crucifier genomes, identify and characterize over 90,000 conserved noncoding sequences and provide a map of functional noncoding regions in plant genomes.

In the dose-escalation part of the ongoing phase 1/2 LIBRA4 trial, patients with relapsed/refractory peripheral T cell lymphoma received T cell antigen receptor beta-chain constant domain 1 (TRBC1)-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, showing limited toxicity and encouraging preliminary clinical responses.

Sepsis induces a period of immunosuppression which can be problematic in the face of subsequent infectious challenge. Here the authors show the presence of PD-L1 expressing regulatory plasma cells that can inhibit T cells in a murine model and in patients with sepsis.

Doping UO₂ with Cr enhances its properties and makes it a promising accident-tolerant nuclear fuel, yet the stable oxidation state of Cr in Cr-doped UO2 remains debated. Here, the authors use DFT+U modeling to reveal Cr³⁺ as the most favorable oxidation state in Cr-doped UO2, aligning with the most recent experimental results.

Coccidioidomycosis, a WHO-listed mycosis, is neglected in South America. Analysis of 292 cases in Brazil, often tied to armadillo hunting, unveils unique disease patterns, environmental factors and pathogen genetics causing the disease.

Here the authors identify GPATCH11 variants responsible for retinal dystrophy with neurological impairment and facial dysmorphy. They explore its function using a mouse model and demonstrate GPATCH11’s involvement in RNA regulation and splicing.

Spin simulators can solve many combinatorial optimization problems that can be represented by spin models, but they are limited to low-dimensional spins. Here the authors propose a simulator of multidimensional spins in arbitrary dimension, using a system of coupled parametric oscillators with a common pump.