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Vertebra lengths differ from the neck to the tail tip and differ between species, evidenced by extreme differences in mouse and jerboa tails. Here, Weber and colleagues identify cellular mechanisms and candidate genes that shape vertebral proportion.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Virtual nature exposure reduces self-reported pain and is associated with decreased brain responses linked to somatosensory and nociceptive processing, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms of nature-induced analgesia.

Combining a low-coherence source with silicon nitride ring resonators featuring normal group velocity dispersion enables electrically pumped, high-power microcombs, providing on-chip power up to 158 mW and high-coherence comb lines with linewidths as narrow as 200 kHz.

At single-cell resolution, Tarkhov et al. delineate stochastic and co-regulated components of epigenetic aging, revealing a simultaneous loss of regulation at the epigenetic and transcriptional levels in aging.

In a large-scale prospective study run across 12 sites in Germany and involving 463,094 women and 119 radiologists, AI-supported screening increased breast cancer detection rates by a significant margin without affecting the recall rate.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Single-cell manipulation and processing techniques and improvements in mass spectrometry sensitivity make single-cell proteomic profiling feasible. This study presents a label-free approach for the characterisation of native N-glycans of single mammalian cells and ng-level blood isolates, demonstrating the potential to detect cell surface glycome changes at the single-cell level in health or disease.

Mapping pairwise nucleotide dependencies by leveraging genomic language models highlights functional genomic elements and predicts deleterious genetic variants more effectively than alignment-based conservation metrics.

ER membranes tune protein degradation to lipid composition. Using reconstitution approaches, the authors show that the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme UBE2J2 senses lipid packing, modulating its own and partner enzyme activities; together, they integrate lipid saturation and cholesterol signals.

A gene therapy method using AAV can help deliver HIV-fighting antibodies long-term, but the body often rejects them. Here the authors show that a short course of the drug rapamycin helps prevent host anti-drug antibody responses, showing successful antibody delivery in mice and monkeys.

Reliable prediction of bacterial abundance dynamics in microbial communities is still unresolved. Here, the authors built a graph neural network-based model trained on historical relative abundance data to predict species abundance dynamics for weeks to months for any longitudinal microbial dataset.

Mitochondrial DNA from horses at the Middle Pleistocene archaeological site of Schöningen reveals insight into the evolutionary history of horses and advances techniques for the analysis of ancient DNA retrieved from highly degraded samples.

A new version of nanorate DNA sequencing, with an error rate lower than five errors per billion base pairs and compatible with whole-exome and targeted capture, enables epidemiological-scale studies of somatic mutation and selection and the generation of high-resolution selection maps across coding and non-coding sites for many genes.

Electrotherapy requires electronic powered devices, set-up, and accessories. Here the authors, developed an integrated single-use platform for wearable electrotherapy as simple as a band-aid

Rudensky and colleagues demonstrate a context-dependent differential requirement for Foxp3 for T_reg cell transcriptional and functional programs.

Genomic analyses of DNA from modern individuals show that, about 800 years ago, pre-European contact occurred between Polynesian individuals and Native American individuals from near present-day Colombia, while remote Pacific islands were still being settled.

The electrocatalytic oxidation of propane fuel is slow on Pt. By analyzing the rate of its individual steps, the authors show that slow propane oxidation is caused by a mismatch between the electrode potentials that promote propane adsorption, conversion of intermediates, and oxidation to CO₂.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a common infection in patients with compromised CD4 T cell function. Using a CD4 T cell activation tracking mouse the authors show the localisation and activation of CD4 T cells in the brain after cryptococcus infection and how these cells interact with MHCII expressing microglia which may increase pathologic brain inflammation.

Different types of SETBP1 variants cause variable developmental syndromes with only partial clinical and functional overlaps. Here, the authors report that SETBP1 variants outside the degron region impair DNA-binding, transcription, and neuronal differentiation capacity and morphologies.

A single-phase chromium–molybdenum–silicon alloy is described that exhibits compression ductility at room temperature as well as resistance to oxidation, pesting, nitridation and scale spallation at temperatures up to at least 1,100 °C.

META-SiM brings foundation model power to single-molecule time traces, excelling across diverse analysis tasks. Paired with the web-based META-SiM Projector and entropy mapping, it rapidly reveals hidden molecular behaviors inaccessible by other means.

GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) often contain regulatory PH domains. In this work, Soubias et al, using an integrated structure-function approach, discovered a mechanism where a GAP PH domain binds directly to a GTPase to induce allosteric changes facilitating GTP hydrolysis.

Electronic health records are a rich source of clinical data but identifying associations with outcomes is complex. Here, the authors propose a modelling framework ‘InfEHR’ that identifies patient trajectories in electronic health records and generates a likelihood for clinical phenotypes.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

Determining the risk that a pathogen introduced into a population will lead to a large outbreak is important for public health planning. Here, the authors develop an outbreak risk estimation framework and demonstrate its application to determining optimal COVID-19 booster vaccination timing.

The SWEET project is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial that shows that long-term consumption of sweeteners and sweetness enhancers improves body weight control and elicits beneficial gut microbiota changes in adults with overweight or obesity.

Quantum emitters respond to weak near-field coupling with topological photonic waveguides, revealing polarization and spectral reshaping.

This online study with 3,371 participants from 13 societies found that perceived societal honour norms predicted both greater competition and greater cooperation at both societal and individual levels.

Light and redox switches are of interest for responsive materials, actuators and robotics. Here the authors integrated a redox- and photoresponsive switch into a polymer hydrogel enabling reversible redox-switching with high spatio-temporal precision.

It is important to know how the recent COVID-19 pandemic shaped the immune memory against the causal SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here authors show that long years following mild disease at primary infection, SARSCoV-2 spike-specific CD4 + T cells with distinct phenotypes and T cell receptor clonotypes, associated with viral suppression persist.

Enterololin is a narrow-spectrum antibiotic that selectively kills Enterobacteriaceae in vitro and in a mouse model of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli gut infection. AI-guided mechanism-of-action studies identified LolCDE as its molecular target.

Engineered gene circuits often degrade over time due to mutation and selection. Here the authors use a host-aware modelling framework to develop genetic controllers to sustain synthetic gene expression. They identify a range of design trade-offs in production, robustness and long-term performance.

Membrane trafficking is essential for organelle biogenesis. Here, the authors discover an alternative assembly of the Commander trafficking complex and show its role in melanosome biogenesis and in a subtype of albinism.

Li, Burgos-Bravo and colleagues report that NDF phase separation regulates FACT condensation, which enhances transcription by generating a localized biochemical environment that promotes nucleosome disassembly while preserving chromatin integrity by retaining histones.

Understanding charge storage in supercapacitors remains a challenge. Here, authors use operando X-ray scattering to show that selective anion immobilization in MOF-based electrodes leads to a cation-driven charge storage mechanism.

In vivo loss-of-function CRISPR screens were performed to identify genes influencing CAR T cell persistence and function in human multiple myeloma, highlighting CDKN1B as a promising target.

A global research network monitoring the Amazon for 30 years reports in this study that tree size increased by 3% each decade.

Integrated multi-omic analyses using samples from the TRACERx study highlight cross-talk between DNA hypermethylation and genomic lesions in non-small cell lung cancer.

Synthetic microbial consortia are collections of strains which can segregate metabolic tasks for efficient use in biomaterials, biomanufacturing, and biotherapeutics. Here, the authors present a method to maintain and tune the ratio of two co-cultured bacterial strains via growth medium manipulation.

Delphi-2M forecasts a person’s future health, covering more than 1,000 diseases, provides insights into co-morbidity dynamics and generates synthetic data for the training of AI models that have never seen actual data.

This study examines the outcomes of dietary shifts across intrinsic and instrumental conservation perspectives, finding that most conservation benefits already come from a partial shift to healthier, more plant-based diets, whereas greater benefits depend on more targeted conservation action.

Biologist who discovered ribosome clusters and 'left-handed' DNA.

Kyriakakis et al. show that bacterial RNA can improve C. elegans healthspan and reduce toxic protein aggregation in muscles. This depends on inter-tissue communication and requires both autophagy and the germline RNAi machinery.

Understanding the cellular origins of cancers is crucial for improving diagnosis and treatment. Here, the authors utilize single cell chromatin accessibility data, patient whole-genome sequencing mutational profiles, and machine learning to predict the cell of origin for 37 cancer types, providing insights into cancer development and therapeutic strategies.

In the randomized phase 1b/2 Morpheus-Melanoma trial evaluating various neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor regimens in patients with resectable stage III melanoma, tobemstomig, an anti-PD-1/anti-LAG-3 bispecific antibody, showed the highest pathologic response rate with a better safety profile than the standard treatment approach of ipilimumab plus nivolumab.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Analysis of samples from the asteroid Ryugu provide evidence of late fluid flow in a carbonaceous asteroid, indicating that such bodies may have retained two to three times more water than previously thought.