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This study examines how key inputs to a brain area vital for song production can interact cooperatively to change each other. The authors show that naturalistic stimulation patterns drive bidirectional in vitro plasticity in synaptic inputs to a song production area, and use this understanding to manipulate song plasticity in vivo.

Using a quantum annealing processor to study three-dimensional spin glasses demonstrates an accurate large-scale quantum simulation of critical dynamics and a scaling advantage over analogous classical methods for energy optimization.

Perineural invasion and cancer-induced nerve injury of tumour-associated nerves are associated with poor response to anti-PD-1 therapy, which can be reversed by combining anti-PD-1 therapy with anti-inflammatory interventions.

Chronic stress is a risk factor for depression, yet the mechanisms are unclear. Here, the authors show in mice that stress drives interferon-mediated neutrophil recruitment from the skull to the brain’s outer membranes, contributing to depressive behaviors.

Prenatal stress triggers molecular dysregulations in fetal neuroimmune circuits, leading to altered mast cell and sensory neuron function, which predisposes offspring to develop eczema in response to otherwise harmless mechanical friction after birth.

Zhao et al. used single-cell and spatial multiomics data analysis of human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma tumors and cell lines to reveal TP53 mutation-associated changes in cancer cells and their microenvironment.

Networks of miniaturized magnetoelectric wireless implantable devices can be individually powered and controlled by a single transmitter, show power and transfer data efficiencies that scale with the number of receivers and be used for spinal cord stimulation and cardiac pacing in large animals.

In this work, authors utilise a prefractionation natural product extract screening platform, which uncovers coniotins, lipopeptaibiotics with broad antifungal activity and a mechanism of action that targets fungal cell wall β-glucan.

To date, experimental induction of hair cell regeneration in mammals leads to immature and poorly differentiated hair cells. Here the authors show that the transcription factor prdm1a plays a crucial role in specifying sensory hair cell types with loss of prdm1a in zebrafish leading to misspecification of hair cells in the sensory lateral line system into ear hair cells.

Exome sequencing of 851 trios from more than 2,500 individuals finds 187 genes with de novo mutations that contribute to meningomyelocele (spina bifida) and highlights critical pathways required for neural tube closure.

The GLASS Consortium studies the evolutionary trajectories of 222 patients with a diffuse glioma to aid in our understanding of tumour progression and treatment failure

ATLAS is a tool for circuit tracing, demonstrated here in rodents. It allows anterograde transsynaptic tracing, starting from genetically defined neurons.

The impact of ocean warming on the functioning of microbial communities is poorly understood. Here, the authors find that seasonal and El Niño-driven warming over 11 years impacts the nutrient stress levels, organic carbon degradation, and carbon-to-nutrient biomass ratios of coastal microbes.

Mazan-Mamczarz, Tsitsipatis and colleagues apply single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to mouse models of atherosclerosis to map senescent cells contributing to plaque instability and arterial remodeling. They define a transcriptomic signature of vascular senescence.

Spatially resolved transcriptomic profiling of primary tumours and metastases from patients with pancreatic cancer provides insight into the evolutionary progression to metastasis, and the variation in clonal architecture within and between individuals.

Latitudinal ecosystem boundaries in the global upper ocean may be driven by many factors. Here the authors investigate pole-to-pole eukaryotic phytoplankton metatranscriptomes, gene co-expression networks, and beta diversity, finding that geographic patterns are best explained by temperature gradients.

Rocks and dust from the asteroid Bennu contain some of the molecular building blocks of life on Earth, such as amino acids and nucleobases. They also carry ammonia that formed billions of years ago in cold, distant regions of our Solar System.

Single-nucleus and single-cell RNA sequencing plus spatial profiling with four methods of core biopsies from 60 patients with metastatic breast cancer reveal patient-specific gene expression programs of breast cancer metastases that are maintained across time, site of metastasis and spatial profiling method, with spatial phenotypes correlating with microenvironmental features.

Monomethylation of histone H4 lysine 20 (H4K20me1) contributes to DNA replication but the mechanism is not well understood. Here, the authors identify a conserved tandem Tudor domain of BAHCC1 as a H4K20me1-specific reader, which promotes the recruitment of MCM complex to chromatin for efficient DNA replication.

Mechanisms that drive highly explosive eruptions of low-viscosity magmas, such as at Sunset Crater volcano, remain uncertain. Here, the authors present evidence for an exsolved CO₂ phase ~15 km beneath Sunset Crater that was the critical driver of rapid magma ascent leading to the explosive eruption.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

The authors identify that sedges in the Arctic have a different isoprene temperature response than other temperate plants, and this finding explains the high temperature sensitivity of isoprene emissions from Arctic terrestrial ecosystems.

Whether feedback circuits exert control over how parallel visual information is relayed is not fully understood. Here authors utilized optogenetics to causally manipulate the activity of identified neuronal circuits, and showed that cortical feedback in the visual system operates in at least two modes: to regulate spatial resolution in a pathway-specific manner and to control the timing of incoming visual signals generally.

Stress granules, cellular structures essential for stress response, require poly(ADP-ribose) as a multivalent scaffold. Here, the authors show that disrupting poly(ADP-ribose) binding to PARP13 alters granule size, dynamics, and maturation, despite PARP13 lacking ADPribosyltransferase activity.

Stereotactic needle biopsies are currently performed for diagnosis only in glioblastoma; this study highlights the depth of information available through multi-omics analysis.

A cooperative insertion mechanism for CO₂ adsorption is shown to generate highly efficient adsorbents for carbon capture applications.

Knee osteoarthritis has a sex-specific phenotype with post-menopausal persons experiencing the highest incidence. Here the authors investigate the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of menopause and find that the loss of 17β-estradiol and progesterone enhanced susceptibility to senescence, extracellular matrix disassembly and cartilage degradation.

Motile and non-motile cilia have distinct functions and protein complexes associated with them. Here, the authors show the conserved protein CFAP20 is important for both motile and non-motile cilia and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes.

Surface plasmon resonance is well established for biosensing applications, but commonly limited by complex optical detection. Here, the authors present a plasmonic sensor integrated in a photovoltaic cell, which generates an electronic signal sensitive to the solution refractive index via plasmon interaction

By integrating DNA genotype and RNA sequencing data from human samples, d’Escamard et al. identify a gene regulatory co-expression supernetwork that plays an important role in fibromuscular dysplasia, a poorly understood disease affecting 3–5% of adult females.

Water-soluble, cell-permeable, inert fluorescent tags called OregonFluors have been developed to withstand environmental changes while resistant towards non-specific binding with subcellular structures. These tags enable quantitative imaging of drug target availability in cells and tissues, providing a route for the future assessment of personalized therapies.

Gain of function mutant CaV1.2 channels drive life-threatening hypoglycemia in the multisystem disorder Timothy syndrome, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here the authors show the mutant channels have adverse effects on counterregulatory hormones and CNS control of glucose homeostasis.

Engineered polyketide synthases (PKSs) have great potential as biocatalysts for the synthesis of chemically challenging molecules. Here the authors show a retrobiosynthesis approach to design and construct PKSs to produce a series of valerolactams for biopolymer production.

Chromosomal instability occurs frequently in cancer, making it an attractive therapeutic target. Here, the authors identify KIF18A as a targetable vulnerability of cancer cells with chromosomal instability and target this using VLS-1272, a selective KIF18A inhibitor.

A multi-omics study on a biotechnologically relevant soil bacterium reveals remodeling of key metabolic nodes maintains high yield of cofactors to satisfy cofactor requirements for the catabolism of lignin-derived aromatics.