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An inherently explainable AI trained on 1,015 expert-annotated prostate tissue images achieved strong Gleason pattern segmentation while providing interpretable outputs and addressing interobserver variability in pathology.

This study characterizes the interaction between the clinical candidate anle138b and Aβ₄₀ fibrils in a lipid environment. The compound reduced fibril formation by approximately 75%, providing insights relevant to Alzheimer’s drug development.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Inhibitors of the protein kinase Wee1 are promising drugs for cancer therapy. Here, the authors show that these drugs activate the integrated stress response via GCN2, synergising with mRNA translation defects. They suggest strategies such as PROTACs or ISR inhibitors to improve WEE1 mediated toxicity.

This study reveals that interlayer exciton emission in MoSe₂/WSe₂ heterobilayers is shaped by phonon-dressed polarons, challenging the prevailing moiré-trapped model and highlighting strong exciton-phonon interactions.

The Tibetan Kobresia pastures store 2.5% of the world’s soil organic carbon. Here the authors show that soil degradation and microbial shifts may irreversibly diminish the carbon sink function and accelerate nutrient losses.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Feuerer and colleagues use multiomic analyses to identify DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility and gene expression programs that govern the tissue adaptation of human skin T_reg cells.

A modularized open-source pipeline for invasive brain signal decoding bridges the gap between closed-loop neuromodulation and clinical brain–computer interface approaches in a large patient cohort.

Aortopathy poses a high risk of aortic dissection, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Here the authors report a retrospective case series of seven women with aortopathy who underwent PEARS, a surgical strategy to prevent aortic root dilatation, and a subsequent pregnancy.

It is unknown how birds estimate time using brains organized differently from mammals. Here, the authors show that neurons in the crow NCL encode duration categories, supporting abstract, cue-independent representations of time intervals.

In this Perspective, Werner and colleagues discuss the many potential mechanisms by which natural antisense transcripts (NATs) can regulate expression of their complementary sense transcripts, the biological implications of their regulatory effects and the potential of NATs for therapeutic applications.

The authors report a meta-analysis of methylome-wide association studies, identifying 15 significant CpG sites linked to major depression, revealing associations with inflammatory markers and suggesting potential causal relationships through Mendelian randomization analysis.

African ancestry is a known risk factor for prostate cancer development, but the genetic determinants of this are incompletely understood. Here, the authors identify 172 potentially pathogenic variants which are enriched in an African population.

A model developed with data from 19,403 patients with colorectal cancer for prediction of 1-year mortality is used as a decision support tool in a prospective cohort, showing promising results in reducing postoperative complications.

Iceberg calving can act as a submarine melt amplifier through excitation of transient internal waves.

Bacterial transcription with σ^N requires activation by specialized AAA+ ATPases. Here, the authors visualize transient structural intermediates and engineer a biochemical assay to show that these ATPases partially unfold σ^N to initiate transcription.

Efficient electro-optic conversion is central to photonic computing, and thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) offers this capability. Here, the authors demonstrate computing circuits on the TFLN platform, enabling the next generation of photonic computing systems featuring both high-speed and low-power.

This study describes the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression; the results annotate candidate regulatory elements in diverse tissues and cell types, their candidate regulators, and the set of human traits for which they show genetic variant enrichment, providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease.

Polyneuropathy causes are difficult to pinpoint. Here, authors used single-nucleus and spatial transcriptomics of 37 human peripheral nerves to identify focal perineurial hyperplasia and endoneurial lipid-associated macrophages in polyneuropathies.

This study used fine-mapping to analyze genetic regions associated with bipolar disorder, identifying specific risk genes and providing new insights into the biology of the condition that may guide future research and treatment approaches.

Inner hair cells are essential for hearing but the molecular drivers of their differentiation have remained enigmatic. Here, the authors show that the transcription factor TBX2 has a key function in inducing and maintaining inner hair cell fate.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

A review of observation-based evidence suggests that four interconnected Earth system tipping elements have moved towards their critical thresholds, highlighting the need for better monitoring and increased mitigation efforts.

Spin–photon interfaces provide a connection between quantum information stored in atomic or electronic spins and optical communications networks. A quantum photon emitter with long-lived, controllable coherent spin has now been demonstrated.

The authors reveal that probenecid, an FDA-approved drug, uniquely modulates TRPV2 through an intracellular pocket. Probenecid drives the channel into an activated conformation, providing insights into potential therapeutic applications.

Magnetic domain formation in two-dimensional materials is pivotal for advancing spintronics and understanding fundamental magnetism. Here, the authors use scanning superconducting quantum interference device microscopy to visualize magnetic ordering in monolayers of annite, an air-stable phyllosilicate potentially suitable for bio-compatible integration into magnetoresistive tunneling junctions.

RNF114 is an E3 ligase that can recognize ADP-ribose (ADPr) and ubiquitin with separate domains. Using these domains, Kolvenbach and Palumbieri et al. developed a proteomics approach to map ADP-ribosyl-ubiquitylation sites, revealing that serine ADPr induced by DNA damage is a target for ubiquitylation.

Using multi-ancestry genome-wide association study and fine-mapping, 298 loci and 36 credible genes are identified in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.

MicroRNAs regulate brain development and aging. Here, authors show that a spatio-temporal atlas of 15 mouse brain regions reveals sex- and region-specific microRNA patterns, including age-related microglial miR-155-5p increase targeting mTOR.

Analyses of 2,658 whole genomes across 38 types of cancer identify the contribution of non-coding point mutations and structural variants to driving cancer.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Marine life depends on zooplankton like krill, but it’s uncertain how these species will respond to a warming ocean. This study of genome variation in the Northern krill uncovered many gene variants that could be crucial for environmental adaptation and support stock assessment under climate change.

Thermal excitations are typically detrimental to quantum coherence. Here, using inelastic neutron scattering measurements, the authors observe a sharp spinon spectrum in the spin-1/2 chain compound YbAlO₃ at temperatures well above the energy scale of spin interactions, indicating long-range quantum coherence.

Bottom-up, seeded epitaxial assembly using twisted DNA origami seeds directs the formation of 2D DNA lattices to create moiré superlattices, enabling a design space for programmable materials that combine molecular precision with mesoscale complexity.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The flagship paper of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes Consortium describes the generation of the integrative analyses of 2,658 cancer whole genomes and their matching normal tissues across 38 tumour types, the structures for international data sharing and standardized analyses, and the main scientific findings from across the consortium studies.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides host excitons and trions, however higher-order states, although possible, are difficult to identify experimentally. Here, the authors perform polarization-resolved coherent spectroscopy to unveil the signature of neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe₂.

The dimensionality of nanostructures is important in determining their properties. Using electron spectroscopy, Schmidt et al. systematically study the plasmonic modes in silver nanodisks as they vary their dimensionality, and find that they can be scaled to the film and edge modes of extended silver films.

Quantized subgap states measured in the vortex cores of YBa₂Cu₃O_7−δhave been challenging theory for over twenty years. Here, the authors show that these spectral features identified as vortex-core states exist independent of vortices, which calls for revisiting vortices in cuprate superconductors.

In bilaterian animals, the final configurations of central nervous systems seem unrelated to neuroectodermal patterning systems, so it is likely that the various architectures of the ventral nerve cords evolved convergently, many times.

High-resolution spatial proteomics were used to map molecular events during hepatocyte stress in pseudotime across all fibrosis stages, recapitulating known disease progression markers and revealing early peroxisomal activation and late-stage proteotoxic phenotypes.