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Developing strategies for reducing carbon emissions in municipal solid waste management is essential to achieve the net-zero target. Here the authors systematically assess strategy options of different countries for achieving net-zero municipal solid waste management.

Many countries aim to protect 30% of their land and seas by 2030 using a mix of traditional protected areas and “other effective area-based conservation measures” (OECMs), which often prioritize local or non-conservation goals. This study shows that while OECMs reduced deforestation in Colombia and aligned well with conservation priorities in South Africa, they were less effective in the Philippines and generally did not enhance connectivity, highlighting the need for more strategic deployment.

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Chromatin accessibility dynamics causally influence changes in gene expression levels, but these fluctuations may not be directly coupled over time. Here, authors develop computational causal framework HALO, examining epigenetic plasticity and gene regulation dynamics in single-cell multi-omic data.

How the brain supports speaking and listening during conversation of its natural form remains poorly understood. Here, by combining intracranial EEG recordings with Natural Language Processing, the authors show broadly distributed frontotemporal neural signals that encode context-dependent linguistic information during both speaking and listening..

Creative experiences such as dance, music, drawing, and strategy video games might preserve brain health. The authors show that regular practice or short training in these activities is linked to brains that look younger and work more efficiently.

Native top-down proteomics reveals epidermal growth factor receptor–estrogen receptor-alpha (EGFR–ER) signaling crosstalk in breast cancer cells and dissociation of nuclear transport factor 2 (NUTF2) dimers to modulate ER signaling and cell growth.

A study of several longitudinal birth cohorts and cross-sectional cohorts finds only moderate overlap in genetic variants between autism that is diagnosed earlier and that diagnosed later, so they may represent aetiologically different conditions.

The BabyScreen+ study offered genomic screening to 1,000 newborns in Australia, and showed that the approach is feasible and positively received by families, leading to molecular diagnoses in 1.6% of babies.

Whether paternal pre-conceptual SARS-CoV-2 infection impacts sperm RNA content, or effects offspring phenotypes, has not been previously investigated. Here authors report changes in sperm noncoding RNAs in SARS-CoV-2 infected sires and increased anxiety-like behaviors in offspring.

A new version of nanorate DNA sequencing, with an error rate lower than five errors per billion base pairs and compatible with whole-exome and targeted capture, enables epidemiological-scale studies of somatic mutation and selection and the generation of high-resolution selection maps across coding and non-coding sites for many genes.

OrganoidTracker 2.0 enables fast and accurate cell tracking in complex systems such as developing organoids. A key aspect of the work is determining cell tracks with error probabilities for any tracking feature, from cell cycles to lineage trees.

Giardini et al. present an imaging method that combines quantitative measurements of cardiac electrophysiology with high-resolution three-dimensional structural reconstructions, enabling the detection of arrhythmogenic electrical coupling between cardiomyocytes and non-myocytes in murine hearts.

This genomic study of magnetic resonance imaging-based brain age in 56,348 people identifies 59 genetic loci, links brain aging to mental and physical health, and suggests high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes as causal factors of brain aging.

Benchmarking greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants is an essential step in developing mitigation strategies. This is now achieved for the USA by modelling over 15,000 facilities using Monte Carlo simulations to obtain a national baseline.

Mesothelioma is a highly lethal cancer that remains challenging to diagnose. Here, the authors curate a histomorphological atlas of resected mesothelioma and map it using self-supervised AI endorsed by human pathological assessment, revealing patterns that generate highly interpretable predictions.

The functional organization of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) for guiding eye movements has remained unknown. Here, the authors use functional ultrasound neuroimaging to reveal small, tuned clusters in PPC that reliably encode where we look over months to years.

Cortical networks switch from asynchronous firing to sudden synchronized population events. Here, the authors show that differential excitatory short-term synaptic plasticity onto either excitatory or inhibitory targets establishes and shapes the dynamics of these population events.

In Chinese residential buildings sector, avoid, shift and improve measures in demand-side solution will mitigate 47% of cumulative CO2 emissions and 16% of cost before 2060, and reduce the uncertainty of achieving carbon neutrality target.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Impaired musical rhythm abilities and developmental speech-language related disorders are biologically and clinically intertwined. Here, the authors explore the correlation between the two traits, finding evidence of epidemiological associations and genetic overlap.

This work demonstrates compact thin-film lithium niobate detectors for broadband, sensitive terahertz detection up to 3 THz, introducing a differential scheme that accesses either temporal differences or derivatives of the THz field.

In the double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 ARGO trial, patients with active psoriatic arthritis treated with a nanobody targeting IL-17A and IL-17F showed substantially better disease response rates compared with those receiving placebo treatment.

A purpose-built implantable system based on biomimetic epidural electrical stimulation of the spinal cord reduces the severity of hypotensive complications in people with spinal cord injury and improves quality of life.

This study reveals that females with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder show less neurodegeneration than males. The least affected regions in females are regions that overexpress estrogen-related genes, suggesting potential sex-specific neuroprotection.

Different types of SETBP1 variants cause variable developmental syndromes with only partial clinical and functional overlaps. Here, the authors report that SETBP1 variants outside the degron region impair DNA-binding, transcription, and neuronal differentiation capacity and morphologies.

Broad-spectrum vaccines have been proposed as a tool for rapid response to emerging infectious disease threats and are in pre-clinical development. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to assess the potential impacts of broadly protective sarbecovirus vaccines for a hypothetical “SARS-X” outbreak.

This study reveals that brain aberrations after preterm birth are highly individual yet shaped by early injury and social environment, influencing long-term cognitive outcomes.

CAR-T cells engineered with αPD-L1–IL-12 fusion proteins show antitumour activity in mouse models of prostate and ovarian cancer.

This study reports that wild boars are a node animal in a virus circulation network connecting different animal taxa. Wild boar viruses not only pose threats to the pig industry but also challenge wildlife conservation and public health.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

Using data from the CoVPN 3008 study, the authors show that the neutralizing antibody correlate of risk holds in people living with HIV. However, the nAb correlate was weaker and shorter-lived in a vaccine-immunity versus hybrid-immunity population.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common muscular dystrophy. In this study, the authors identified proteins in blood that correlate with disease progression, opening the possibility to monitor disease trajectories using non-invasive blood testing.

Mellor et al. report that deficiency of GABARAPL1, an ATG8-specific linking protein, impairs diastolic function in diabetic mice. This effect can be reversed by gene delivery of the gene encoding GABARAPL1 in diabetic mice and a human organoid model of type 2 diabetes.

This study reveals disparities in Superfund site exposure among vulnerable US communities and introduces metrics and an action priority matrix to guide equitable and targeted cleanup efforts.

Authors integrate structural health monitoring and multi-temporal InSAR monitoring availability into geo-hazard risk assessment. Global analysis of 744 bridges reveals that, while less than 20% have structural health monitoring systems in place, Sentinel-1 could be used to augment monitoring of over 60% structures.

Here, the authors present eggshell protein sequences for 112 ducks, geese, and swans, species important to archaeological and ecological investigations. They then use these palaeoproteomic benchmarks to identify archaeological material from Mexico and Jordan.

The social exposome—lifelong social and economic adversity—can shape brain health and dementia risk. Here, the authors show that an adverse social exposome is linked to poorer clinical, cognitive, and brain changes in Latin American older adults.

Head motion is an artifact in structural and functional MRI signals, and some traits or groups are more strongly correlated with motion than others. Here the authors describe a method to attribute a motion impact score to specific trait-functional connectivity relationships.

Neural mechanisms underlying auditory restoration are not fully understood. Here authors show that, neural populations of the zebra finch in the equivalent of auditory cortex respond to song with deleted syllables as if the missing syllables were actually present, indicating that information about the temporal structure of song is stored in this area. Their findings suggest that the internal model has a generalized representation of species-typical syntax.

Prime editing is a CRISPR methodology whose efficiency declines with distance from the target sequence. Here the authors demonstrate prime editing with prolonged editing window, proPE, which extends the editing distance, enabling the use of prime editing for therapeutic interventions.

Polar skyrmions are nanoscale topological structures of electric polarizations. Their collective modes, dubbed as “skyrons”, are discovered by the terahertz-field-excitation, femtosecond x-ray diffraction measurements and advanced modeling.

The temporal characterization of few-femtosecond vacuum ultraviolet pulses bring new opportunities for investigating ultrafast light-matter interactions.

Mulholland et al. identify progenitor exhausted T cells, expressing intermediate levels of PD-1 (PD-1^int), as a prominent source of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the murine atherosclerotic aorta and potential cellular targets driving checkpoint inhibition-elicited pro-atherosclerotic immune responses. They further demonstrate elevated levels of circulating PD-1-expressing T cells in individuals with subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Extensive measurements of the emissions of methane, nitrous oxide and ammonia from wastewater treatment facilities in the USA present higher values than are currently stated in national inventories. The results of this analysis show that greenhouse gas and nitrogenous emissions from the wastewater sector are often overlooked and that their impact on climate should be reassessed.

Determining the risk that a pathogen introduced into a population will lead to a large outbreak is important for public health planning. Here, the authors develop an outbreak risk estimation framework and demonstrate its application to determining optimal COVID-19 booster vaccination timing.

MrVI, based on deep generative modelling, is a unified framework for integrative, exploratory and comparative analyses of large-scale (multi-sample) single-cell RNA-seq datasets.

A proteotoxic stress response specific to exhausted T cells, governed by AKT signaling and accompanied by increased protein translation, represents a mechanistic vulnerability and a new therapeutic target to improve cancer immunotherapies.

This study of 89 multinational firms finds no significant link between voluntarily offsetting emissions and decarbonization speed. Firms spend little funds on carbon credits, and emission offsetting is not a central part of their climate strategies.