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Patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have limited therapeutic options. Here the authors show that functionally impaired NK cells contribute to immune escape of pre-malignant clones in early stage MDS and that NK adoptive cell therapy can be considered to prevent or delay the development of MDS.

Federated learning (FL) algorithms have emerged as a promising solution to train models for healthcare imaging across institutions while preserving privacy. Here, the authors describe the Federated Tumor Segmentation (FeTS) challenge for the decentralised benchmarking of FL algorithms and evaluation of Healthcare AI algorithm generalizability in real-world cancer imaging datasets.

Antimicrobial resistance has evolved over decades due to widespread antimicrobial use, with resistance genes now circulating across humans, animals and the environment, creating complex cross-sector connectivity challenges. This Perspective advocates for genomics-based studies of AMR connectivity to enable coordinated global action and investment under the One Health framework.

Here, the authors show that oral administration of an oncolytic reovirus (RC402) elicits robust suppression of multifocal tumor lesions and antitumor immunity through extensive rewiring of the host immunity and the gut microbiome.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

Graphics processing unit-accelerated MMseqs2 offers tremendous speedups for homology retrieval from metagenomic databases, query-centered multiple sequence alignment generation for structure prediction, and structural searches with Foldseek.

Conventional therapies can induce cancer cell senescence. Here the authors show that therapy-induced senescent cancer cells can escape T-cell immunity by upregulating PD-L1, whose expression and glycosylation levels are regulated by ribophorin 1.

Human airway contains physiologically relevant yet rare cells, but their scarcity prevents thorough profiling and differentiation studies. Here the authors use single cell RNA sequencing to identify rare ionocytes and tuft cells, as well as a potential progenitor population with cytokine-guided differentiation into either the ionocytes or tuft cell lineage.

CAR-T targets are identified using logic gates and single-cell expression data.

Lung tissue-resident memory T cells play critical roles in the response to and protection to subsequent re-exposure and infection with influenza viruses. Here the authors explore vaccine induced lung resident memory T cells and their role in protection to heterosubtypic influenza infection in mice and ferrets.

The practical performance of lithium–sulphur batteries is lower than expected because of polysulphide dissolution into the electrolyte over time. Sehet al. show that a yolk–shell nanoarchitecture is able to encapsulate sulphur cathode materials efficiently and thus allows over 1,000 charge/discharge cycles.

Layered black phosphorous has gained significant attention in the 2D materials community, and dynamical control of its bandgap is key to enable novel applications. Here, the authors demonstrate continuous electrical bandgap tuning using moderate displacement fields.

Neural crest cells differentiate into distinct fates during craniofacial morphogenesis, though how these are acquired remains unclear. Here they show that mesenchymal progenitors in the mouse maxilla are committed to specific fates before they arrive at their final anatomical locations.

Progesterone (P₄) signalling is involved in physiological control of the endometrium and contributes to the pathogenesis of endometrial diseases such as endometriosis. Here the authors report that CFP1, a regulator of histone methylation, controls endometrial responses to P₄ and lack of endometrial CFP1 leads to failure of embryo implantation and exacerbated experimental endometriosis in mice.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype lacking effective targeted therapies. Here, the authors show that RNF208, an estrogen-induced ubiquitin ligase, promotes the degradation of Vimentin, thereby suppressing lung metastasis of TNBC, and may serve as a biomarker for the disease.

Cryptococcus neoformans is the leading cause of death by fungal meningoencephalitis. Here, the authors study the roles played by 129 putative kinases in the growth and virulence of C. neoformans, identifying potential targets for development of anticryptococcal drugs.

Zinc-based batteries face inhomogeneous zinc deposition/stripping. Here the authors show zincophilic copper oxide nanoparticles enhance zinc electrodeposition by reducing nucleation overpotential through strong Zn-CuO interactions, preventing dendritic growth and improving the performance and cyclability of zinc-based flow batteries.

Soil microbial growth controls carbon sequestration. Here, the authors show that resource-rich, neutral soils from cold and humid areas have higher growth potential than resource-poor, hypersaline soil from dry and hot regions, demonstrating diverse microbial adaptations.

Reconstruction of damaged meninges is important for reducing neuronal damage after a brain injury. Here the authors identify AKAP12 as an effector that modulates meningeal reconstruction, and show that its expression is regulated by the upstream signals TGF-ß1, retinoic acid and oxygen tension.

A human-AI collaborative computer vision algorithm produces grid-level economic statistics using satellite images and lightweight human annotation, revealing granular development patterns in North Korea and five other least developed Asian countries.

Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungal pathogen that causes meningoencephalitis. Here the authors describe the production of a gene-deletion mutant collection representing most C. neoformansnon-essential transcription factors, providing insight into the signalling networks that govern the biology and pathogenicity of this fungus.

Human ribonuclease 1 (hRNase 1) regulates innate immunity, hemostasis and RNA clearance. Here, the authors report an alternative function of hRNase 1 as a secretory ligand of Eph receptor EphA4 to enhance breast cancer stemness and promote breast tumour initiation.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Redox-active MOFs have demonstrated advantages in the field of electrochromism but controlling and modulating the electrochromic behaviors in specific MOFs remains a challenge. Here, the authors design a redox-active Zr-MOF with coordination unsaturated pockets which exhibits reversible electrochromic behavior.

The authors present a multiomics study of type 2 diabetes and quantitative blood lipid and lipoprotein traits in Hispanic/Latino populations. They demonstrate how integrating GWAS with omics characterization can advance precision medicine.

Cha et al. investigate functional genetic scores associated with cancer-related gene expression and immune responses across 16 cancer types using UK Biobank data. Their findings suggest that significant functional genetic scores confer additional risk beyond conventional cancer PRS.

Cancer cell survival under metabolic stress is a critical step for metastasis. Here, the authors show that under glucose deprivation, Snail, a key regulator of the metastatic process, promotes survival by diverting glucose to the pentose phosphate pathway through repression of phosphofructokinase PFKP.

Alterations in proteins within nuclear compartments often lead to changes in chromosomal architecture. Here, using acute targeted protein degradation, the authors reveal that the nuclear complex protein Matrin3 directly mediates differentiation through stabilizing chromatin loop domain interactions.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

The increasing scale and scope of biomedical data is generating tremendous opportunities for improving health outcomes, but also raises new challenges ranging from data acquisition and storage to data analysis and utilization. To meet these challenges, the authors develop the Personal Health Dashboard, which provides an end-to-end solution for deep biomedical data analytics.

A large scale approach for multifunctional smart display systems in traditional textiles has yet to be demonstrated. Here, authors present a foldable, rollable 46-inch smart textile lighting/display system for smart homes and internet of things applications via the systematic design and integration of versatile fibre devices into textile form factors.

Hippo and Wnt pathways are important for cancer development, and they can cross talk; however, the mechanisms behind this connection are unknown. Here the authors show that DVL (a scaffold protein in the Wnt pathway) regulates the shuttling of YAP (a key component of the Hippo pathway) between cytoplasm and nucleus in specific tumor suppressor contexts.

Won et al. compare genetic associations with subjective well-being in Korean and European populations, and show significant cross-population genetic correlations

It has been proposed that stacking antiaromatic molecules can build three-dimensional aromaticity, but this claim has lacked experimental validation. Here the authors report that π–π stacked antiaromatic porphyrins display significantly reduced antiaromaticity in solid state and in solution.