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Distinguishing glioblastoma and primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) remains challenging due to their overlapping pathology features. Here, the authors develop a computational tool, PICTURE, for differentiating similar pathological features enabling improved diagnosis of CNS tumours.

This study reports on a closed-loop approach combining multiscale simulations, interpretable machine learning, experiments and techno-economic analysis for systematic plasma catalyst design, showing that alloys from noncritical minerals can potentially replace costly noble metals such as ruthenium for hydrogen production from ammonia decomposition under plasma conditions.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

An ensemble of spins from nitrogen–vacancy centres in diamonds is prepared in a spin-squeezed state.

An on-eyelid soft sensor that tracks eye movements based on the magnetoelastic effect can be used to continuously monitor and quantitatively assess levels of fatigue.

Copper-based organic light-emitting diodes are low-cost alternatives to precious metal-based counterparts. Here, the authors develop copper(I) thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters with colors spanning from blue to near infrared, and achieve device lifetime close to 3700 h at 1000 cd/m².

Machine learning predicts Cu-Al electrocatalysts provide better efficiency and productivity than copper when using intermittent renewable electricity to convert carbon dioxide to useful chemicals and fuels.

Authors report the entropy-modulated atomic ripple structure in Nb2CTe-based MXenes, realizing the controllable adjustment of electrical properties.

Organic tandem solar cells combining solution- and vapour-deposited layers are difficult to fabricate due to the degradation of the underlying subcell during the deposition of the next subcell. Here, Che et al. design a charge recombination layer that protects the underlying cell and leads to 15% average PCE for 2 mm² devices and 11.5% PCE for 1 cm² devices.

There is ongoing research into new electrocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting. Here, the authors report the electrocatalytic performance of nickel/nickel oxide heterostructures on carbon nanotubes, and are able to assemble a water electrolyzer operated by a single-cell 1.5 V battery.

A comprehensive analysis of the cell-specific molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying post-traumatic stress disorder in the human prefrontal cortex.

Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are shown to be able to operate with bandwidths exceeding 65 GHz thanks to a cavity design that harnesses photon–photon resonances.

Induced proximity by molecular glues is a strategy that leverages the recruitment of proteins to facilitate their modification or degradation. Here the authors present unbiased quantitative proteomic, biochemical and computational workflows that uncover hundreds of CRBN molecular glue targets using recombinant protein and cell lysate.

Eremophilanes represent a prominent class of sesquiterpenoid natural products. Here, the authors report a series of eremophilane derivatives, including the aromatic structures of farfugin A and aza-janthinellin A, and the non-aromatic structure of phomenonol A, and show that the formation of farfugin A and aza-janthinellin A involves ring arrangement and aromatization process initiated by heteroatom nucleophilic addition and mediated by a FAD-dependent monooxygenase.

Creating well-defined hollow two-dimensional structures from small organic molecules, particularly those with controlled widths and numbers of segments, remains a formidable challenge. Here the authors report the fabrication of well-defined concentric, hollow 2D platelets with programmable widths and numbers of segments.

The performance of wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaics is limited by the undesired phase transition and high density of deep level traps. Here, Tan et al. incorporate dipolar methylammonium cation to make the material defect-tolerant and achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 20.7%.

A gated multilayer black phosphorus photodetector integrated on a silicon photonic waveguide operating in the telecom band is demonstrated with intrinsic responsivity up to 135 mA W⁻¹ and 657 mA W⁻¹ in 11.5-nm- and 100-nm-thick devices, respectively.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Realizing electrically-pumped lasing actions in microcavity organic light-emitting diodes requires elucidating the origin of spectrally-narrowed electroluminescence amplification. Here, the authors show that the microcavity induces spatially extended states with polaron-pair like characteristics.

The increased surface coverage of CO₂ electroreduction (CO₂R) intermediates promotes CO₂R at high operating current densities under strongly acidic conditions. Here the authors report a 77.4% single-pass carbon efficiency for conversion of acidic CO₂R to pure formic acid.

Enantiomeric excess D-amino acids form via photocatalytic reductive amination of α-keto acids on natural pyrite. This provides a plausible pathway for the prebiotic formation of D-amino acids.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal disease characterized by rapid motor neuron (MN) degeneration, with unclear causes in sporadic cases. Here, the authors showed that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification drives ALS, and restoring it may protect MNs and lessen motor issues.

δ-Opioid receptors (δOR) are promising targets for pain management with reduced side effects. Here, the authors use a structure-based approach to design and characterize C6-Quino, a selective δOR partial agonist, highlighting its potential therapeutic relevance.

T-cell enrichment has attracted great interest but currently fails to fully replicate the complex natural immune interactions. Here, the authors report on magnetic polymerised antigen-presenting cells that mimic natural interactions to isolate rare tumour-reactive T cells, offering a platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy and neoantigen discovery.

While Bell inequalities have been violated several times—mostly in photonic systems—their violations within particle physics experiments are less explored. Here, the BESIII Collaboration showcases Bell-violating nonlocal correlations between entangled hyperon pairs.

Optical activity resulting from electronic transitions in chiral inorganic materials is rare. Liu et al. report the synthesis of amino acid-derived amphiphile templated chiral TiO₂fibres, which exhibit an optical response to polarized light resulting from valence to conduction band electronic transitions.

A pyramidal cell type and the 5-HT_2A receptor in the medial frontal cortex have essential roles in psilocybin’s long-term drug action.

Information regarding tectonic motion from before instrumental records can be found from palaeoshorelines and the reconstruction of sea level from observations. Here, the authors study corals uplifted by past earthquakes near the Solomon Islands and assess the Holocene deformation that took place there.

Using advanced scanning transmission electron microscopy consolidated by first-principles calculations, the authors unearth the unconventional improper antiferroelectricity driven by antiferrodistortive modulation in NaNbO₃-based perovskites.

Orbitally frustrated states have been predicted to occur in twisted bilayer graphene. Now these states have been observed for fractional filling of the electronic bands, and exhibit charge- and magnetically ordered phases.

TRIM2 protects male mice from intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury by marking the pro-death BNIP3 protein for degradation, revealing a potential therapeutic target.

Manganese-activated fluoride phosphors for high-efficacy warm white light-emitting diodes have been limited by low photoluminescence quantum yields. Here, Zhu et al.use an efficient cation exchange reaction to synthesize manganese phosphors with photoluminescence quantum yields as high as 98%.

CO₂-to-ethylene conversion using renewable electricity provides a sustainable route to produce valuable chemicals. Here, the authors report high ethylene activity of 215 mA cm⁻² and selectivity of 65% made possible by silica clusters in copper.

Here, Sui et al. use multi-proteomics to analyse tick-borne encephalitis virus-infected cells and identify host cellular pathways perturbed by viral infection.

ESCAPE-seq (enhanced single-chain antigen presentation sequencing) is a massively parallel platform for screening of class I HLA–peptide combinations for antigen presentation. The authors assess more than 75,000 peptide–HLA combinations, revealing presented epitopes from oncogenic driver mutations and fusions across diverse HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C alleles.

Upgrading wasted carbon emissions to high-value, multi-carbon products provides an economic route to reduce carbon dioxide levels, but such conversions have proven challenging. Here, authors explore copper adparticles as highly active surfaces that convert CO to n-propanol with high selectivities.

Substituted bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes (BCPs) are widely used as bioisosteres for para-substituted phenyl rings, providing improved pharmacological profiles for drug candidates, but strategies for the preparation of chiral BCPs remain limited. Now a route to chiral bridge-substituted BCPs has been developed via a nitrogen-atom insertion-and-deletion strategy, enabling a practical avenue towards chiral BCP bioisosteres of lomitapide.

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are increasingly being explored as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution and reduction reactions, which are important processes in electrolysers and fuel cells. Here, the authors increase the activity of MOFs for these reactions by introducing strain into the lattice using UV light illumination.

Aqueous I₂-based batteries are a promising system for cost-effective and environmentally-friendly electricity storage. Here, the authors propose a high-capacity and long-lasting aqueous I₂ battery system using an electrochemically active organic molecule at the negative electrode.

Long-term efficient cycling stability is of paramount importance for the development of high-energy Li-ion batteries. Here, the authors investigate the effect of transition metal dopants on the electrochemical, morphological, and structural properties of Ni-rich cathode active materials.

A dimethylacridine-based molecular doping process is used to construct a well-matched p-perovskite/indium tin oxide contact, along with all-round passivation of grain boundaries, achieving a certified power conversion efficiency of 25.39%.