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Treatment-seeking for fever is widely used to estimate treatment of childhood infections, but cross-country comparisons are problematic. Here, the authors estimate the probability of seeking treatment for fever at public facilities across 29 countries by quantifying person-level latent variables.

Perception can occur in the absence of report. Here, the authors use intracranial recordings to show that sequential sampling of sensory evidence in the ventral visual cortex supports perception beyond report.

Sequential acquisition and image reconstruction in super-resolved structured illumination microscopy (SR-SIM) is time-consuming. Here the authors optimise both acquisition and reconstruction software to achieve multicolour SR-SIM at video frame-rates with reconstructed images displaying with only milliseconds delay during the experiment.

Clock precision is thought to be fundamentally limited by entropy production in out-of-equilibrium systems. A theoretical work now introduces a quantum clock design where precision grows exponentially with dissipation.

Researchers developed an open-hardware structured illumination microscopy add-on. This affordable upgrade provides super-resolution capabilities for normal optical microscopes. Detailed instructions enable easy reproduction to help democratize advanced microscopy.

SCIFER detects clonal selection in whole-genome sequencing data using a population genetics model. Applied to a range of somatic tissues, SCIFER quantifies stem cell dynamics and infers clonal ages and sizes without requiring knowledge of driver events.

Children’s ability to generalize from episodic memories varies by both age and the level of abstraction. Here, the authors show that lower level generalization increasingly depends on episodic memory with age, whereas higher level generalization shows no such relationship.

Using well-calibrated statistical methods the authors jointly analyze Undiagnosed Diseases Network genomes, identifying known and novel disease genes. Software is publicly available to support future cross-cohort rare disease discovery efforts.

Year-round tracer data from the MOSAiC expedition reveal strong variability in Siberian matter dispersal along the Arctic Transpolar Drift, driven by shifting river inputs and ice–ocean exchange, underscoring complex dynamics in a changing Arctic

The hippocampus and insula communicate when processing emotional memories. Discrete sites in the human insular cortex showed changes that predicted later memory recall, while others responded to emotional content.

Ultrafast electron diffraction can probe structural dynamics of photochemical reactions in real space and real time. Here the authors study the ring-opening of cyclohexadiene with sub-100 fs temporal resolution and sub-angstrom spatial resolution.

Insight, involving representational change, can boost long-term memory. Here, in an fMRI study, the authors show that insight triggers stronger conceptual shifts in solution relevant brain regions and enhanced network integration, improving memory retention.

Our understanding of chromosome organization and dynamics in spherical bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, remains limited. Here, the authors show that chromosome replication and cell division cycles are not synchronized in S. aureus, with cells exhibiting two segregated origins of replication at the start of the cell cycle.

In experimental situations, random and sparse observations hinder understanding of the underlying complex dynamical system. The authors introduce a hybrid, transformer-based machine-learning framework to reconstruct the dynamics of new, unseen systems from sparse observations by training on a diverse set of synthetic systems.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Cell division in many archaea requires the coordinated activities of two distinct FtsZ proteins, which are part of the midcell division ring. Here, Liao et al. show that an additional protein, CdpA, organises and anchors the FtsZ-based division ring at midcell in haloarchaea.

StayGold is over one order of magnitude more photostable than current fluorescent proteins

The SUMO E3 ligase ZNF451 is a representative member of a new class of SUMO enzymes that execute catalysis via tandem SUMO-interaction motifs, thus allowing efficient SUMO-chain formation.

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome is characterized by premature aging with cardiovascular disease being the main cause of death. Here the authors show that inhibition of the NAT10 enzyme enhances cardiac function and fitness, and reduces age-related phenotypes in a mouse model of premature aging.

The frequency scaling exponent of low-frequency vibrational excitations in glasses remains controversial in the literature. Here, Schirmacher et al. show that the exponent depends on the statistics of the small values of the local stresses, which is governed by the detail of interaction potential.

Here authors reveal a method to predict key information on phenotypes - their direction. This is achievable even for phenotypes with incomplete genotype-to-phenotype mapping, and applicable for individuals from the same family or population, as well as between species.

Podosomes are actin structures important in multiple cell functions. Here, the authors use iPALM microscopy to reveal an “hourglass” shape of the podosome actin core, a protruding “knob” at the bottom of the core, and two actin networks extending from it.

MultiSTAAR provides a general and flexible statistical framework for functionally informed multi-trait rare variant analysis of biobank-scale sequencing studies by jointly analyzing multiple traits and incorporating annotation information.

Natural variation in the courtship song of Drosophila is mapped to the intronic insertion of a retroelement at the slowpoke locus, which encodes an ion channel.

The proportion of a population that has previously been infected by a pathogen is typically estimated using antibody thresholds adjusted for sensitivity and specificity. Here, the authors present a model-based alternative to threshold methods which accounts for antibody waning and other sources of spectrum bias.

Sustainable and regenerative agriculture often employs diverse systems of crop rotation to reduce environmental impacts and sequester carbon. A long-term field study, however, reveals a trade-off between soil organic carbon storage and nitrogen supply.

Influenza A H5N1 is an increasing concern in cattle herds in the United States. Here, the authors use mathematical modelling to estimate the size of the current epidemic, predict states at risk in the future, and highlight gaps in data collection.

Using a deep generative model, CellBender models and denoises droplet-based single-cell data and improves multiple downstream analyses.

Phylogenetically informed predictions account for phylogenetic relationships among species while predicting unknown trait values. Here, the authors critically compare this approach with equations derived from phylogenetic generalised least squares and ordinary least squares, demonstrating its improved performance across diverse datasets.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Studying gravitational waves from a black-hole merger can constrain both the magnitude and direction of the remnant’s recoil, offering new ways to test black-hole formation scenarios and support multi-messenger observations.

A general framework for incorporating and correcting for nonclassical electromagnetic phenomena in nanoscale systems is presented.

Universal non-equilibrium behaviour can emerge in physical systems when they are driven through a parameter regime where their energy gap closes. Dóra et al. show that the Kibble-Zurek scaling associated with exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems is distinct from the conventional Hermitian result.

A combination of multiview imaging, structured illumination, reconstruction algorithms and deep-learning predictions realizes spatial- and temporal-resolution improvements in fluorescence microscopy to produce super-resolution images from diffraction-limited input images.

The majority of human genes can produce multiple isoforms, but studying their functional relevance requires tools to target specific isoforms. Here, the authors develop a CRISPR-based exon-exon junction-targeting strategy to achieve isoform-specific RNA knockdown.

As a multidimensional process, aging cannot be captured by a single metric. The authors devised Health Octo Tool assessing aging heterogeneity across organs and individuals. They show, superseding frailty index, the Body Clock, predicts function, disability and mortality with ≥90% accuracy.

The authors demonstrate deeply subwavelength light confinement in the terahertz spectral range by exploiting the strong light–matter coupling and hyperbolicity of phonon polaritons in hafnium-based dichalcogenides.

Extreme climate events can cause population crashes and may threaten population persistence. Here, the authors model reindeer population dynamics and find that more frequent extremely icy winters can actually reduce extinction risk due to density dependence and a demographic shift to resilient ages.

By regulating the level of accessible cholesterol on endothelial cells via OSBP/ORP-mediated transport, tetraspanin tunes the balance of Cdc42 and RhoA activities to affect vascular inflammation. Reducing accessible cholesterol by statin treatment or blocking its non-vesicular transport by OSBP/ORP inhibition can limit vascular inflammation.

Previous research shows surprising rewards drive learning. Here, the authors show that affective error signals (emotional surprise) independently promote learning, and are associated with neural signals separable from reward error signals.

Gene regulatory network architecture and complex dosage effects from paralogue diversification converge to shape phenotypic space, producing the potential for both strongly buffered phenotypes and sudden bursts of phenotypic change.

Transcriptional regulators (TRs) play critical roles in both normal tissue development and disease progression. Here, the authors introduce a Bayesian hierarchical model capable of identifying key TRs from epigenomics-based query region sets with enhanced accuracy and interpretability.