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Hepatitis C virus remains a health burden due to the lack of an effective vaccine, hindered by difficulties in replicating the native E1E2 antigen structure. Here, the authors engineer a stabilized E1E2 heterodimer using cryo-EM-guided modifications, enhancing immunogenicity and paving the way for future HCV vaccine development.

RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is typically considered as an essential enzyme. Here the authors show that natural degradation of RNAPII drives chromatin reorganization in growing oocytes, preparing the chromatin for genome activation after fertilization.

In this study, the authors identify a collaboration between the epigenetic regulators, EZH2 and DNA methyltransferase that contributes to prostate cancer lineage reprogramming.

Using large-scale genetics and Genomic SEM/E-SEM, the study shows broad shared genetic risk between many physical illnesses and internalizing, neurodevelopmental, and substance-use disorders, revealing a transdiagnostic illness factor and cross-cutting disease pathways.

Here, the authors introduce information isotopes, a novel framework for tracing unauthorized training data in black-box AI systems, offering a practical tool for auditing data provenance and protecting data rights.

Borneol has repelled mosquitoes for millennia, but how it worked was unknown. Here, the authors show the sensory pathway mosquitoes use to detect and avoid this ancient plant compound, opening the door to improved natural repellents.

The paper reports a scalable, chemical-free plasma process that converts methane and water into high-purity, single-layer graphene oxide while co-producing hydrogen, cutting greenhouse emissions, and lowering cost compared with conventional methods.

The underlying regulatory mechanisms of of human cortical diversity remains poorly understood. Here, authors profiled human brain cells to study how they use different gene programs across cortical regions, revealing molecular rules and specific transcription factors that drive functional specialization of neurons in the brain

Introgression shapes eukaryotic genomes, yet its prevalence in nature remains unclear. Sequencing 216 Neotropical S. cerevisiae genomes reveals that recurrent introgression is widespread and a major driver of lineage evolution within a structured population.

C-prenylated flavonoids possess notable pharmaceutical potential, but their production is hindered by the challenging selective prenylation of their unstable polyphenolic cores. Here, the authors present a directed evolution strategy to reshape the active pocket of the prenyltransferase AtaPT, uncovering an aromatic cage that governs both regioselectivity and donor specificity, and achieve efficient and scalable synthesis of 27 C-prenylated flavonoids.

Mussels are masters of sticking on wet surfaces. Here, authors discover a histidine-rich coiled coil protein in mussel glue that challenges the prevailing understanding of how mussel stick tight, with the findings relevant to the design of improved glues.

Here, the authors report that the protein language model ESM-2 is broadly useful for variant effect prediction, including unobserved changes, and can be applied to understand novel viral pathogens with the potential to be applied to any protein sequence, pathogen or otherwise.

Large biospecimen banks are limited by a lack of fast, flexible, database-like retrieval. Here, authors encode metadata as DNA barcodes on silica-encapsulated samples and demonstrate numerical range, categorical, and Boolean queries, enabling rapid, precise recall from pooled DNA/RNA archives.

The ferroelectric nematic phase has both spontaneous polarity and fluidity and is therefore desirable, but can be challenging to obtain. Here, the authors report the preparation of a number of ferroelectric nematogens, of which several show the phase transition at relatively low temperatures.

Higher incomes are associated with higher well-being. Here, in a 109-nation study, the authors show that the rank of income, rather than income itself, is associated with higher well-being, especially in nations with lower social capital.

From lock-in transport measurements of a skyrmion lattice in MnSi, the authors find a delay in the voltage response of the Hall effect and resistivity, arguing that its deformation leads to inertial skyrmion lattice dynamics and emergent reactance.

The study shows that incorporating information on pre-existing moisture conditions into the atmospheric river scale improves early-warning identification of flood-generating events.

Coronaviruses use suboptimal codons yet efficiently translate proteins. Here, the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-OC43 infections reprogram four host tRNA modifications, linking stress-induced tRNA remodelling to enhanced viral translation.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) have been associated with adverse effects affecting both the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems. Here the authors show that NSAIDs lower plasma tryptophan concentrations in humans and mice and that replacement of tryptophan in mice treated with naproxen leads to decreased adverse effects.

Attention fluctuates over time and across contexts—how is this reflected in the brain? Fitting a dynamical systems model to fMRI data, Song and colleagues show that the geometry of neural dynamics along the attractor landscape reflects changes in attention.

CRISPR/Cas9 screens have identified genetic contributions to many phenotypes. However, studying combinations of genes or regulatory elements remains challenging. Here, the authors use CRISPR/Cas12a to overcome those challenges and enable new approaches to study combinatorial genetic mechanisms.

Spectroscopic observations of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-189b reveal both volatile (H₂O, CO, OH) and refractory (Fe, Mg, Si) gas in its atmosphere. Here, the authors show that the abundance ratio of refractory species reflects that of the host star.

The existence of multi-centennial natural variability in the North Atlantic is demonstrated over the last millennia by compiling proxy data. This variability mode will potentially amplify northern Europe warming by up to 30% over 2000-2035.

Soft and conducting organic materials are promising for electronic devices, though their nanostructures are not fully understood, due to the lack of high resolution real spacing imaging of these complex systems. Here the authors use cryogenic transmission electron microscopy methods to investigate the morphology of PEDOT:PSS in the presence of additives and upon hydration.

The study develops a printable concrete using cellulose nanofibers and limestone filler, enhancing rheological and mechanical properties while reducing cement content. It demonstrates improved buildability and sustainability, with potential for large-scale 3D printing applications in construction.

Here the authors identify nicotine-derived inhibitors of the SARS-CoV−2 main protease that outperform Paxlovid in cells and mice, remain effective against resistant variants, and show broad activity against multiple human coronaviruses.

DNA methylation heterogeneity and dynamics hinder distinguishing early pathological changes from normal variation. Here, the authors identify stable sites whose disruption is linked to blood cancers, aging, and cardiovascular risk.

The burden of dengue disease in infants has increased in Brazil over the last 25 years. Here, the authors analyse spatiotemporal heterogeneity in disease incidence to characterise the contribution of changing maternal immunity to infant dengue risk.

Extreme and prolonged drought on land can strongly affect downstream marine ecosystems and their fisheries. This study shows that historical drought drove major Gulf of Mexico fishery declines, and models predict even greater future losses under projected drought.

The authors present evidence for the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectricity and superconductivity at amorphous LaAlO3/KTaO3(111) interfaces. Furthermore, flipping ferroelectric polarization reduces interfacial conductivity by more than 1000 times, and simultaneously suppresses superconductivity

Little work has been done to describe and address the variability inherent in the agroinfiltration and genetic engineering of Nicotiana benthamiana. Here, the authors identify and quantify the sources of virtually all variation and develop recommendations for minimizing variation.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has improved breast cancer patient outcomes but residual disease limits success. Here, the authors report a phase II clinical trial investigating talimogene laherparepvec (oncolytic virus engineered to express GM-CSF) combined with atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in HER2-negative breast cancer patients with residual disease following NAC.

After a heart attack, blood flow restoration often fails in small vessels, worsening outcome. Here, the authors show that remote ischaemic preconditioning releases the gut hormone GLP-1, which relaxes cardiac pericytes via K_ATP channels to reduce capillary constriction and no-reflow.

Authors uncover the tunable band structure in ferroelectric rhombohedral-stacked bilayer WSe₂ by optical spectroscopy, quantifying spontaneous polarization and demonstrating electric-field-driven domain switching for quantum device applications.

Japonica subspecies has a lower nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) than that of indica rice. Here, the authors show that natural variations in the NIN-like protein 4 (OsNLP4) encoding gene are responsible for the divergence and introgression of the indica OsNLP4 allele into elite japonica cultivar can increase NUE and grain yield.

Here, the authors propose the Antarctic Ecosystem Value Index, an Earth systems model-based measure of marine ecological value. The index identifies potential present and future high-value locations, which often fall within coastal polynyas.

Vaziri et al. examined how humans detect changes in auditory pitch, revealing that listeners rely on correlations in sound intensity over frequency and time, processing that is reminiscent of visual motion detection.

Neoantigen-based adoptive T cell therapies represent a personalized approach for cancer immunotherapy. Here the authors describe NEO-STIM, an ex vivo T cell induction platform to STIMulate peripheral blood T cells to generate responses against tumor NEOantigens.

Crop choice strongly influences irrigation energy needs. Chiarelli et al. provides crop specific irrigation energy data, showing that irrigation under the current scenario uses 1.38×10⁹ GJy^-1 and under sustainable expansion, will use 1.62×10⁹ GJy^-1.

Using cloud observations from 44 US cities and large-eddy simulations, this study shows that taller buildings strengthen urban-breeze updrafts, while denser buildings suppress vertical turbulence, together reshaping moisture transport and cloud formation in urban environments.

Protected areas (PAs) are central to China’s forest conservation strategy, yet their carbon storage effectiveness under different governance and management contexts remains uncertain. Here, authors show that stronger protection enables substantially greater forest carbon gains in China’s PAs, both now and in the future.

Therapy to allergy often targets a specific allergen without addressing cross-reactivity. Here the authors develop a consensus, cross-reactive allergen, use mRNA-lipid nanoparticle immunization to induce specific, neutralizing IgG responses, but find no therapeutic effects in mouse allergy models, hinting the need for further optimization prior to translation.

Amundsen Sea records show warm Circumpolar Deep Water drove major West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat from 18,000–10,000 years ago. Subsequent cooling stabilized the grounding line, indicating ocean heat—not atmospheric warming—controlled long-term WAIS change.

Hyperbolic phonon polaritons (HPhPs) in van der Waals materials are promising for nanophotonic applications, but they are normally limited to the mid-infrared range. Here, the authors report the observation of long-lived and highly confined HPhPs in the deep THz range in layered PbI₂.

Most kiwifruit species are vulnerable to high levels of heat stress. Here, the authors report natural variation at the GATA transcription factor binding site of EGY3 gene mediates chloroplastic ROS homeostasis to confer kiwifruit thermotolerance.

Detecting gene expression changes in single-cell data while accounting for sample structure is vital but computationally demanding. FLASH-MM is a scalable, memory efficient, and statistically robust method that can quickly compute cell-level differential expression across diverse biological contexts.

A low thermal expansion chromium alloy overcomes inherent brittleness via atomic faulting in layered precipitates. This tough, corrosion-resistant material enables stable components for extreme environments.

The authors in this work present a study with multiplexed gene editing that is used to assess all possible mutations at a native drug binding site. The approach yields data that predicts spontaneous resistance, that aligns with in silico predictions, and that promises to facilitate drug discovery.