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This study reports that the gene SMPED1, located in a previously identified dichogamy-determining region in Alpinia species, controls the timing of sex-organ synchrony, improving our understanding of the evolutionary mechanisms of plant sexual diversity.

Here, the authors structurally and biochemically characterise the YcfA-YcfC enzyme system, crucial for biosynthesis of the anticancer and antimicrobial agent 6-thioguanine.

Direct human actions such as hunting and bird deterrence at aquaculture sites kill up to 10% of the populations of some shorebird species migrating along China’s coast each year, suggesting that this direct mortality is an overlooked threat to migratory populations.

Monkeypox or Mpox represents a worldwide health emergency, and efficient vaccines are urgently needed. Here authors present a modified vaccinia virus as vaccine candidate, generated from the Tiantan strain by targeted gene deletion to make it replication-deficient, which elicits robust immune response in both mouse and macaque models, with favourable safety and long-lasting protection profiles in the non-human primates.

An ex vivo model and pre-clinical study in a brain-dead recipient provide enzyme-converted O organs to avoid hyperacute rejection in ABO-incompatible kidney transplant patients.

The International Brain Laboratory presents a brain-wide electrophysiological map obtained from pooling data from 12 laboratories that performed the same standardized perceptual decision-making task in mice.

Wheat powdery mildew resistance is typically controlled by single-gene-encoded resistance protein. Here, the authors report the cloning of powdery mildew resistance locus PmWR183 and show that it encodes two adjacent nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat proteins originated from wild emmer wheat.

A significant challenge in modern drug development is the comprehensive profiling of covalent inhibitors. Here, the authors develop COOKIE-Pro, an unbiased method for quantifying the binding kinetics of irreversible covalent inhibitors on a proteome-wide scale.

A chromatin-associated complex, which is dynamically regulated by TOR kinase at the translational level, functions to suppress the transcription of stress-responsive genes marked by histone acetylation, thereby coordinating plant growth and stress tolerance.

Fabricating wide-bandgap perovskite films with a thickness of 1 μm on nano-textured silicon substrates remains a formidable challenge. Here, authors design an amphoteric coplanar conjugated molecule for improve bulk and interfacial properties of perovskites for high-efficiency tandem solar cells.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Topsoil nitrogen stocks declined over a ten-year field warming experiment in a permafrost ecosystem due to enhanced plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen leaching and gaseous losses, suggesting that permafrost soil nitrogen stocks are vulnerable to warming.

A lipid nanoparticle is used to deliver a base editor in vivo to haematopoietic stem cells in mice.

Brain-wide recordings in mice reveal that prior expectations are distributed through recurrent loops across all levels of cortical and subcortical processing.

Single-cell transcriptomic profiling of immune cells in the blood and liver of a human decedent receiving a pig liver xenograft reveals impaired adaptive immunity and monocyte features that may induce T cell exhaustion and contribute to platelet activation.

Olfactory perception of food-derived odors influences feeding behavior, but the underlying neural pathways remain unclear. Here, the authors show that prolonged exposure to food odor suppresses food intake and body weight gain by activating an olfactory bulb–hypothalamus circuit.

Here, the authors conducted a whole genome sequencing (WGS)-based genome-wide scan for non-small cell lung cancer in 13,722 Chinese individuals and identified genes including PARPBP, PLA2G4C, and RITA1 in the context of non-coding regulation.

A new type of Fe/N–C catalyst composed of numerous nanoprotrusions dispersed on two-dimensional carbon layers with inner-embedded single Fe-atom sites has been developed that delivers a high-performance platinum group metal-free proton-exchange membrane fuel cell.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

DeepRETStroke is a deep learning system using retinal photographs to detect silent brain infarction and predict future stroke events.

A reinforcement learning-based virtual reality system, implementing a series of sport sessions with coaching, was as effective as standard physical activity in reducing fat mass in adolescents, with positive effects on cognition.

This study reveals neuronal targets of Lac-Phe in the hypothalamus that mediate its suppression of food intake.

The authors reveal that the Tibetan alpine permafrost region currently functions as a marginal CH₄ sink, and that future flux trajectories diverge under different emission scenarios as a result of the coupled effects of climate forcing and atmospheric CH₄ dynamics.

The design and assembly of interlocked supramolecular cages is of interest due to their exquisite topological configuration and excellent performance in a variety of applications. Here, the authors synthesize interlocked cages from half-sandwich rhodium building blocks and prepare membranes for applications in photothermal seawater desalination.

This work introduces roll-to-roll fluidics, a method that enhances reagent efficiency and reduces turnaround time, enabling rapid and economical next-generation sequencing.

Converting atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia (NH3) is challenging. Here, the authors develop a photoelectrochemical biohybrid system for fixing N2 into NH3, which consists of Cu2O/TiO2 nanowires and the N2-fixing diazotroph Azotobacter vinelandii.

Epstein-Barr virus-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH) is a life-threatening condition different from self-limiting nature of Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM). Here the authors identify IDO1⁺ monocytes and L-kynurenine as biomarkers for HLH by comparing single cell sequencing data of HLH patients with IM and healthy volunteers as the controls.

The salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis pathway—involving ligation of benzoyl coenzyme A and benzyl alcohol to give benzyl benzoate; hydroxylation of benzyl benzoate to give benzyl salicylate; and cleavage of benzyl salicylate to give SA—is highly conserved in plants.

An avian influenza H7N9 virus causes severe human disease, including acute and often lethal respiratory failure. Here, the authors report that plasma levels of angiotensin II, a regulatory peptide of the renin–angiotensin system, are associated with disease severity and fatal outcome in infected patients.

The Yang’s charge is proposed as a metric for evaluating the coupling performance in this study. Compared to the conventional charge coupling factor which only considers the relative performance change, the Yang’s charge also considers the absolute performance of the device.

Sequencing the genome and microbiome of about 1,500 tick samples from regions across China revealed host–microbe associations in ticks that could have implications for controlling ticks and tick-borne diseases.

The mechanisms linking neuropsychiatric and metabolic disorders remain unclear. The authors show a pancreas–hippocampus feedback loop whereby metabolic and circadian factors drive behavioral fluctuations, with potential relevance for bipolar disorder.

A clinical trial using continuous glucose monitoring found that a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-style diet tailored for diabetes reduced hyperglycemia and improved glucose control compared to a typical American diet in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Here, the authors determine that human neutrophil α-defensin HNP1 can promote A. baumannii biofilm formation.

A nanobody was identified that targets the N-terminal fragment of the adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor ADGRG2, allosterically enhances activation by the natural agonist dehydroepiandrosterone and restores signaling in mutant receptors.