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The direct contribution of aberrant epithelial cells to lung fibrosis is largely unknown. The authors use murine and human systems to identify how these cells activate fibroblasts, and how reciprocal signals cause them to enter a profibrotic state.

Primary angle-closure glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness. Here, the authors identify rare deleterious variants in UBOX5 as risk factors and implicate BIP ubiquitination as a potential disease mechanism.

Ferroelectric materials are characterized by a spontaneous polarization, which in practical applications is manipulated by an electric field. This study examines how defects affect the switching with atomic resolution, by usingin situaberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy.

Immunoengineering-based cancer therapies have huge potential. Here the authors report on the lipid nanoparticle delivery, to cancer cells, of self-amplifying RNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike epitope-loaded MHC I molecules to take advantage of anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity from a vaccinated population to treat cancer.

Tomato production is threatened by pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae. Here the authors screen a library of P. syringae effectors against a diverse collection of tomato accessions and identify six effector families that can potently induce effector triggered immunity.

Superconductivity and magnetism have often been regarded as opposites. High magnetic fields usually destroy the superconducting state. But for superconductors constrained to two dimensions, a parallel magnetic field can actually enhance superconductivity.

Virulence can be endowed through the collective action of effectors.

Mesenchymal lineages play critical roles during development, though these cells are frequently overlooked in directed differentiation models. Here they derive lung-specific mesenchyme from mouse iPSCs and generate organoids consisting of both mesenchymal and epithelial progenitors, observing functional epithelial-mesenchymal crosstalk.

Negative pressure in ferroelectric nanowires has been achieved by exploiting a phase transformation between crystal structures with differing densities, leading to substantial property enhancement.

Adipose stem cells are promising therapeutic agents in tissue regeneration. Here the authors develop a lipid nanoparticle/RNA engineering platform to enhance the protein production of these cells, which demonstrate superior healing efficacy in a mouse model of diabetic cutaneous wounds.

A study of more than 1000 paleoclimate datasets reveals that the ”4.2 ka event” is not a globally significant climate excursion, unlike the prominent 8.2 ka event. In the Holocene, site-level excursions are common, but global-scale events are rare.

This protocol presents a method for the preparation and culture of mouse and human primary or pluripotent stem cell-derived basal cells, followed by their intra-airway transplantation into polidocanol-conditioned mice to achieve in vivo airway regeneration.

Ubiquitous shadows cast from moving objects in hybrid energy-harvesting systems are undesirable as they degrade the performance of the photovoltaic cells. Here the authors report the shadow of the moving object in a hybrid energy-harvesting system shortens charging time to charge a self-charging power system.

Kathiriya et al. report that fibrotic signalling in the lung mesenchyme leads to transdifferentiation of human alveolar type 2 cells into KRT5⁺ basal cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the pathology associated with severe lung injuries.

The immunogen RC1 facilitates recognition of the V3-glycan patch on the envelope of HIV-1 and elicits specific serological responses in mice and macaques, making it a possible priming immunogen for sequential vaccination strategies in humans.

The authors report a modulation of the magnon spin current by electric polarization reversal.

Here the authors investigate lipid nanodiscs as drug carriers for antitumour immunotherapy. They demonstrate that flexible lipid nanodiscs functionalized with STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides exhibit superior tumour penetration and tumour cell uptake compared with spherical liposomes, resulting in improved antitumour T-cell priming and tumour regression.

Enhancers for endodermal organs are primed at the chromatin level prior to lineage induction by FOXA pioneer transcription factors; how pervasive this is, is not well known. Here the authors show that only a small subset of organ-specific enhancers are bound and primed by FOXA prior to lineage induction, whereas the majority do not undergo chromatin priming and engage FOXA upon lineage induction.

The striped polarization domains in a BiFeO₃/TbScO₃ heterostructure induce alternating p- and n-type doping at the interface, giving rise to strongly anisotropic in-plane conductance.

Competing phases in layered complex oxides are believed to be relevant for emergent phenomena, which still await to be witnessed. Here, Stone et al. report direct atomic-scale imaging of a multitude of polar phases in Ruddlesden-Popper oxide thin films, exhibiting diverse phenomena in a single structure.

A computational algorithm integrates lineage tracing with single-cell RNA sequencing and improves early cell fate prediction.

Cantilevers made of SrTiO₃ grown on silicon use the flexoelectric effect to achieve electromechanical performances similar to piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers.

A real-space imaging technique that combines scanning transmission electron microscopy with an angle-resolved pixellated fast-electron detector is used to image the charge distribution in SrTiO₃, BiFeO₃ and the junction between them.

An immunotherapy consisting of a tumor-antigen targeting antibody, PD-1 blocking antibody, extended half-life recombinant IL-2 and a lymph-node-targeted T cell vaccine mobilized innate and adaptive immunity and eradicated large established tumors in a variety of mouse models.

Here it is shown that telomere dysfunction drives metabolic and mitochondrial compromise. Mice with dysfunctional telomeres activate p53, which in turn represses PGC-1α and PGC-1β, master regulators of metabolic and mitochondrial processes. This results in reduced mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced ATP generation, impaired gluconeogenesis, cariomyopathy and increased reactive oxygen species. This telomere–p53–PGC pathway shows how telomere dysfunction may compromise organ function and contribute to age-related disorders.

In complex oxides, oxygen octahedra are major structural motifs and their tilts sensitively determine the material’s physical properties. Exploiting Coherent Bragg Rod Analysis enables 3D mapping of complex tilt patterns and reveals the means to control polarization through them in CaTiO₃ thin films.

Thymic selection requires that thymocytes transit through distinct anatomical compartments. Weiss and colleagues report that the G protein regulator GIT2 integrates T cell antigen receptor and chemokine receptor signaling necessary for proper migratory activity and positive selection.

With a comprehensive analysis of sequencing data, DNA copy number, gene expression and DNA methylation in a large number of human glioblastomas, The Cancer Genome Atlas project initiative provides a broad overview of the genes and pathways that are altered in this cancer type.

A single-phase multiferroic material is constructed, in which ferroelectricity and strong magnetic ordering are coupled near room temperature, enabling direct electric-field control of magnetism.