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Pesticides affect a diverse range of non-target species and the magnitude of this hazard remains only partially understood. Wan et al. found that insecticides, fungicides and herbicides have negative effects on non-target plants, animals and microorganisms within terrestrial and aquatic systems.

This study uses genetic crossing to identify the genes underlying the differences in virulence between two Cryptosporidium isolates. Candidate genes are validated using genetic editing, revealing that the small granule protein SKSR1 is a key virulence factor in Cryptosporidium.

An artificial intelligence model defines a data-driven set of total parenteral nutrition compositions to assist clinicians in personalized treatment of neonates in intensive care and is able to adapt recommendations to patient status, with validation from large external cohorts and a blinded reader study.

2- arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), an abundant endocannabinoid in the brain, regulates diverse neural functions. Here, the authors identified four loss-of-function mutations in dicylglycerol lipase β (DAGLB) from six patients with early onset Parkinsonism. In mice, loss of DAGLB in dopamine neurons reduced neuronal activity and impaired locomotor function and augmentation of 2-AG levels boosted neuronal activity and rescued locomotor deficits.

Ruggeri et al. find in a study of 61 countries that temporal discounting patterns are globally generalizable. Worse financial environments, greater inequality and high inflation are associated with extreme or inconsistent long-term decisions.

Imputation uses genotype information from SNP arrays to infer the genotypes of missing markers. Here, the authors show that an imputation reference panel derived from whole-genome sequencing of 3,781 samples from the UK10K project improves the imputation accuracy and coverage of low frequency variants compared to existing methods.

Two divergent haplotypes from a highly heterozygous lychee genome of the cultivar ‘Feizixiao’ and resequencing of 72 lychee accessions provide insights into the genome evolution and domestication history of lychee.

The authors present FuXi Weather, a machine learning-based global forecasting system that cycles data assimilation and forecasting, delivering accurate 10-day forecasts and outperforming numerical weather prediction models in observation-sparse regions like central Africa.

The shortage of viable donated livers limits patient access to liver transplantation. Here the authors report the use of normothermic machine perfusion to help identify viable organs from livers discarded based on current clinical criteria, which are then transplanted to recipients in a single-arm clinical trial.

Proteome mapping of tissues is crucial for phenotypic characterization of tissue heterogeneity and microenvironment within spatial context. Here the authors report a robust, easy-to-use single voxel proteomics technique for deep proteome mapping of tissues and profiling of regions of interest.

Shuman et al. report that epileptic mice harbor desynchronized hippocampal interneuron activity and unstable spatial representations, revealing that precise intrahippocampal synchronization is critical for spatial coding.

Bhattacharjee and Schaeffer et al. map exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in 94 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), finding increased EBF practice and reduced subnational variation across the majority of LMICs from 2000 to 2018. However, only six LMICs will meet WHO’s target of ≥70% EBF by 2030 nationally, and only three will achieve this in all districts.

The genetic basis of C-reactive protein levels remains underexplored in diverse populations. Here, the authors show 113 loci associated with CRP across ancestries, highlighting 55 novel genes and ancestry-specific signals with functional and disease relevance.

An exploration of previously undescribed variants from the long tail of the CRISPR–Cas distribution.

It is hypothesized that there are a number of tumor specific driver genes for metastatic prostate cancer. Here, the authors perform genome-wide CRISPRi screens and integrate these data with metastatic prostate cancer functional and clinical genomics data to show that KIF4A and WDR62 drive aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes.

There is lack of therapies targeting the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion oncogene in fusion-positive rhabdomyosarcoma (FP-RMS). Here, the authors identify and characterise an inhibitor with highest inhibition of histone lysine demethylase 3B that suppresses PAX3-FOXO1 activity in FP-RMS.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of nine tetraploid and two diploid wild Oryza species provide insights into genome evolution within the genus Oryza and the potential for crop improvement and neodomestication.

STAG2 is a core subunit of the cohesin complex involved in DNA looping, but its transcriptional targets are largely unknown. Here the authors show STAG2 controls the 3D chromatin structure at the IRF9 locus to restrict IRF9 expression. Loss of STAG2 results in IRF9 activation, which in turn upregulates PD-L1 expression in cancer cells, suggesting a tumor suppressor function in immune evasion.

PI3K inhibitors have limited efficacy in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Here, the authors show that MAPK4 activates AKT independent of PI3K and thus promotes tumour growth in a subset of TNBC and that MAPK4 inhibition sensitizes to PI3K blockade in these tumours.’

Swanton and colleagues present a clonal expression signature, ORACLE, which, in combination with clinicopathological and molecular risk factors, can predict survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, and they prospectively validate its prognostic value.

The second Global Amphibian Assessment finds that the status of amphibians is continuing to deteriorate globally, driven predominantly by climate change, disease and habitat loss.

A meta-analysis across ten pediatric autoimmune diseases reveals shared genetic architecture and novel susceptibility loci.

The authors summarize the data produced by phase III of the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, a resource for better understanding of the human and mouse genomes.

Analyses of the proteomes of astrocytes and neurons in a cell-specific and subcompartment-specific manner reveal distinct roles for these cell types that are relevant to obsessive–compulsive disorder and perhaps other brain disorders.

The most abundant RNA modification in humans, m⁶A, can be installed at specified RNA sequences in cells, enabling functional studies.

STRAP (serine threonine kinase receptor-associated protein) promotes tumorigenicity. Here the authors report that STRAP associates with spliceosome and regulates alternative splicing during embryonic stem cell lineage commitment and early mouse embryo organogenesis.

Results for the final phase of the 1000 Genomes Project are presented including whole-genome sequencing, targeted exome sequencing, and genotyping on high-density SNP arrays for 2,504 individuals across 26 populations, providing a global reference data set to support biomedical genetics.

A spatially resolved transcriptional atlas of the mid-gestational developing human brain has been created using laser-capture microdissection and microarray technology, providing a comprehensive reference resource which also enables new hypotheses about the nature of human brain evolution and the origins of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Levels of circulating thyrotropin and free thyroxine reflect thyroid function, however, their genetic underpinnings remain poorly understood. Taylor et al. take advantage of whole-genome sequence data from cohorts within the UK10K project to identify novel variants associated with these traits.

Catenanes can exhibit chirality even when their component rings are achiral. Here an isostructural desymmetrization strategy is developed, demonstrating that two achiral rings, each featuring two mirror planes and a two-fold axis of symmetry, can form a catenane with tuneable mechanical chirality.

Glucocorticoid resistance is partly due to epigenetic alterations, but the regulatory mechanisms driving these remain poorly understood. Here, a link between the activity of a lineage-specific transcription factor PU.1 and epigenetic modulators mediating the response to glucocorticoids is described in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

African Americans have an elevated risk of developing chronic kidney disease, yet only a fraction of those with high-risk genotypes develop the disease. Here, the authors show that a missense variant in APOL1 has a strong protective effect when co-inherited with the high-risk G2 allele of APOL1, with important implications for clinical practice and translational research.

A new phylogenomic tree for butterflies is constructed using 391 genes from 2,300 species, representing 92% of genera. It suggests that butterflies originated around 100 million years ago in what is now the Americas and originally fed on Fabaceae.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Here the authors identify the transcription factor MEF2C as essential for human NK cell function and viral immunity in mice and humans. This control is exerted via regulation of lipid metabolism, and deficiency in MEF2C can be overcome by oleic acid supplementation.

Mitofusin-2 (MFN2) is a dynamin-like GTPase that plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial fusion and cell metabolism. Here, authors report crystal structures of truncated human MFN2 in different nucleotide-loading states and show that MFN2 forms sustained dimers even after GTP hydrolysis.

Cui et al. identify an important role for MLL3 in regulating the hybrid epithelial–mesenchymal transition state in breast cancer and show that deletion of MLL3 enhances metastatic capacity through increased IFNγ signalling.

The emergence of two dimensional ferromagnetism suffers from an inherent fragility to thermal fluctuations, which typically restricts the Curie temperature to below room temperature. Here, Zhang et al present CrTe₂ thin films grown via molecular beam epitaxy with a Curie temperature exceeding 300 K.

The gut microbiota is involved in the development of colorectal cancer. Here, the authors analyse the faecal microbiomes of healthy subjects and of patients with colorectal cancer or benign adenoma, revealing microbial genes, strains and functions enriched in each group.

Eric Lander, Françoise Baylis, Feng Zhang, Emmanuelle Charpentier, Paul Berg and specialists from seven countries call for an international governance framework.

Machine learning can be used to identify subtypes of psychiatric disease. Here the authors identified two neurostructural subgroups in schizophrenia, each showing reproducibility and generalizability across different collection locations and illness stages, using the SuStain algorithm.

This genome-wide association study identifies 162 genetic loci linked to income, shedding light on the complex interplay between genetics, income, education and health.

This study identifies regulators of the RNA sensor RIG-I. Diverse processes, including the unfolded protein response, Wnt signalling and RNA metabolism, modulate this pathway. The splicing regulator KHSRP is identified as a negative regulator of RIG-I that affects influenza replication in vivo.

Using a large dataset of approximately 300,000 individuals from the UK Biobank, Zhang, Deng, Li et al. investigated the relationships between personality traits, brain health, inflammation and metabolites.