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Accurate prediction of surgical outcomes is essential for selecting treatment plans and ensuring patient satisfaction in corrective jaw surgery (orthognathic surgery). Here, the authors present and validate GPOSC-Net, a generative model for orthognathic surgery planning, to predict surgical movement and synthesize post-operative cephalograms from pre-operative data using a diffusion model.

Lee et al. analyse clinical, behavioural, and MRI features in patients with temporomandibular disorders to identify predictors of chronic pain. Using machine learning and deep neural networks, authors develop models that accurately predict chronicity based on jaw joint damage, bruxism, sleep disturbance, and symptom duration.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Kim, Park, and colleagues present near-infrared long-lifetime upconversion nanoparticles combined with time-gated detection. These nanoparticles allow for improved performance of luminescence-based biosensing for sensitive and accurate microRNA analysis in cancer diagnostics.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Implantable energy devices must ensure biocompatibility and electrochemical safety. Here, the authors present a fiber-based supercapacitor with high durability and flexibility, enabling seamless implantation and reliable long-term operation.

A lead-free, flexible, and disposable ultrasound patch using silicon nanocolumns enables vascular imaging and real-time blood pressure monitoring, offering a low-cost and eco-friendly solution for wearable medical diagnostics.

The AlScN/AlN/AlScN multi-layer decouples the polarization-coercive field relationship. Increasing the AlN ratio enhances the memory window and retention in ferroelectric thin-film transistors, demonstrating their potential for memory applications.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

Bright, efficient and low-drive-voltage colloidal quantum-dot LEDs that have a crosslinked-polymer quantum-dot layer, and use a sol–gel titanium oxide layer for electron transport, are reported. Integrating the QD-LEDs with a silicon thin-film transistor backplane results in a QD-LED display.

Edge computing devices must be compact and energy efficient for use in low-power environments. Here, the authors propose a flexible memristive dot product engine designed for edge use with 0.3% energy consumption compared to digital approaches.

The regulation of KRAS oncoprotein stability remains to be completely determined. Here the authors identify that USP9X-mediated deubiquitination of KRAS protein is dependent on scaffolding protein NDRG3, suggesting KRAS-NDRG3 interaction as a targetable vulnerability in KRAS-driven cancers.

New two-dimensional semiconductors may exhibit properties beyond inherent semiconducting attributes. Here the authors report protonated semiconducting III–V-derived van der Waals crystals with memristive properties.

Chromosome-scale and haplotype-resolved assembly of Pinus densiflora sheds light on Pinus-specific genome enlargement. Comparison between haplotypes and resequencing of 30 wild accessions show allelic imbalance with roles in flowering regulation and stress resistance.

Lee et al. developed ultrathin metallic (metal filling ratios of > 70 %) metamaterials that exhibit perfect transmission at a specific radar frequency. These characteristics enable microwave transparent, low-sheet-resistance radar heaters for safe autonomous driving in extreme weather.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains can have markedly different virulence in pigs. Here, the authors describe differences in the immune response to infection with varying virulence and suggest that M2-like macrophages may aid in recovery and lung health.

Doil Choi and colleagues report the genome sequence of the hot pepper, Capsicum annuum, as well as the resequencing of two cultivated peppers and a wild species, Capsicum chinense. Comparative genomic analysis across Solanaceae provides insights into genome expansion, pungency, ripening and disease resistance in hot peppers.

Light trapped in the active polymeric layer limits the total efficiency of polymer light-emitting diodes. Here, Lee et al.get round this bottleneck by enhancing light extraction in waveguide optical modes via ripple-shaped nanostructures that spontaneously form on ZnO electrode surfaces.

BTLA is established as a negative regulator of natural killer T (NKT) cell function, and share its ligand HVEM with CD160. Here the authors show, by analyzing NKT activation in CD160-deficient mice or with BTLA blockade, that CD160 synergizes with BTLA to negatively regulate NKT cells during hepatic injury.

In-sensor computing minimizes latency by directly processing data at the point of capture. Here, authors optimize this process by integrating polarization-sensitive detectors into the computing framework, enabling the superposition of two filtering operations within a single circuit.

Devices based on a vertical van der Waals heterostructure of solution-processed zirconium oxide and molybdenum disulfide can reconfigure between transistor and diode modes, and be fabricated on the wafer-scale.

Scientists describe a size-selective quantum dot patterning technique that involves kinetically controlling the nanotransfer process without a solvent. The resulting printed quantum dot films exhibit excellent morphology and a well-ordered quantum dot structure. This technique allows fabrication of a 4-inch (or larger) thin-film transistor display with high colour purity and extremely high resolution.

Understanding how the immune system’s functionality declines with age is crucial for addressing aging-related health issues. Here, the authors demonstrate that activating TLR5 in the mucosal layer can significantly improve healthspan and longevity, suggesting a novel approach for aging interventions.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) and advanced differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) come with a dismal prognosis. Here, Yoo and colleagues reveal the genomic and transcriptomic landscape of ATC and DTC, highlighting potential therapeutic vulnerabilities.

Self-assembly in granular materials is challenging due to particle collisions in the air, leading to disordered, jammed configurations, unlike fluidic systems where density and symmetry can be controlled. The authors report embedding anti repellent structures to enable organized self-assembly by capturing and holding kinetic particles, thus allowing for programmable density and symmetry in granular materials.

A gold-embedded oxide interlayer can be used to create metal–interlayer–semiconductor contacts for two-dimensional materials that exhibit low series resistance and Fermi level depinning.

Park et al. shed light on the dynamics of DNA demethylation during adipocyte differentiation, which is shown to be regulated by the transcription factor C/EBPδ and the DNA methylation eraser TET3.

Controlling fate decision of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) is important for their clinical application. Here the authors demonstrate that TGF-β-induced Mast4 suppression and Wnt-mediated Mast4 stabilization regulate MSC differentiation into cartilage and bone, respectively.