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From 2014–2017, marine heatwaves caused global mass coral bleaching, where the corals lose their symbiotic algae. The authors find, this event exceeded the severity of all prior global bleaching events in recorded history, with approximately half the world’s reefs bleaching and 15% experiencing substantial mortality.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

It is unclear whether the harsh abiotic conditions of drylands hinder biological invasions. This global analysis shows that drylands are vulnerable to non-native plants and are likely to become more so as native plant diversity declines and grazing pressure intensifies.

The study of the interplay between topological states and correlated states such as charge density waves (CDW) requires a thorough understanding of their electronic structure. In this work, the authors resolve the fully CDW reconstructed electronic structure of TaTe4, a candidate topological material, using a combined theoretical and experimental approach based on magnetotransport measurements, which also reveal the existence of large magnetic breakdown orbits and linear magnetoresistance.

The Patagonian ice sheet advances and retreats during the last glacial cycle were driven by changes in the integrated summer energy with an obliquity-like periodicity and modulated by millennial-scale climate variability.

We present genome-wide data from 64 subadults interred in Chichén Itzá around ad 500–900 that gives insight into burial rituals, and shows that their genomic legacy is still present and has adapted to immune challenges post-1492.

The ALICE Collaboration provides details on the microscopic mechanism that ends up creating antideuteron in high-energy proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Proteomics must target specific synapse types to reveal how molecules shape their unique functions. Here, authors show that hippocampal synapses differ in proteome and that neuron-specific glutamate receptor regulation shapes synaptic diversity.

Reanalysis of radiometric data from Cassini indicates that Titan does not contain a subsurface ocean, as strong tidal dissipation observed in its gravity field is not consistent with the presence of a liquid layer.

Long COVID has heterogeneous presentation and clinical trajectories are not well defined. Here, the authors define trajectories using data from a prospective cohort study in the United States involving symptom questionnaires from acute infection up to 15 months.

Measurements of carbon fluxes and wood phenology are used to assess carbon sources from photosynthesis and their sink into woody growth along a thermal gradient. The authors show that stem growth advances slower than photosynthesis per degree Celsius, creating a phenological mismatch for carbon.

Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission impacted Dimorphos to test asteroid deflection. Here, the authors show that post-impact spectra largely match pre-impact properties, with only subtle variations probably linked to mutual events and to the evolution of the ejecta dust.

The effects of marine plastic pollution go beyond its direct impact on marine ecosystems to potentially disrupt the marine carbon cycle. By altering biogeochemical cycles, global plastic pollution may substantially impact the ability of the ocean to absorb and store carbon in the coming decades.

This umbrella review of 194 observational meta-analyses and 748 interventional studies finds that maternal adiposity is associated with 12 adverse perinatal and offspring outcomes. Maternal weight loss interventions can only reduce some of these effects.

Nitrogen fixation in oceans is facilitated by associations between marine phytoplankton and cyanobacteria such as UCYN-A. Here, Cornejo-Castillo et al. show that UCYN-A diversified in the late Cretaceous under strong purifying selection to become lineage-specific symbiont partners with different prymnesiophytes.

Pancreatic alpha cells resist stress better than beta cells, but the mechanisms underlying this observation are unclear. Here, the authors show that Sec31A regulates alpha but not beta cell survival under stress by linking ER-Golgi transport to insulin signaling pathways.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Lipid particles loaded with RNA coding for tumour-unspecific antigens can enhance early responses of type-I interferons, mediating the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors as well as epitope spreading.

Here the authors perform a trans expression quantitative trait locus meta-analysis study of over 3,700 people and link a USP18 variant to expression of 50 inflammation genes and lupus risk, highlighting how genetic regulation of immune responses drives autoimmune disease and informs new therapies.

The molecular mechanisms underlying drug resistance in relapsed or refractory (rr) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain to be explored. Here, the use of bulk and single cell multi-omics and ex vivo drug profiling for 21 rrAML patients reveals mechanisms of resistance to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax and treatment vulnerabilities.

This study examines the impact of herbivorous insects on biogeochemical cycling within forests. From a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests, they show that background levels of insect herbivory are sufficiently large to alter both ecosystem element cycling and influence terrestrial carbon cycling.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

The answer to seasonal energy storage and security to support highly renewable power systems could lie deep under the seabed, where compressed air energy storage offers a route to long-term storage at large scales. Now, research models the potential for this in porous rock and finds a large capacity in saline aquifers offshore in the UK.

Maldonado, Lopez-Hernandez, et al. use a matched case-control study to compare E. coli-infected patients with or without sepsis. Their analysis shows that the ST69 clone is associated with risk of sepsis development, and certain genetic factors such as adhesion genes papC and fdeC were associated with a protective effect.

Analyses performed on the Ryugu and Bennu samples from the centimetre down to the sub-millimetre scale reveal that they share most near-IR spectral properties, implying similar initial material and evolution processes, yet not strictly identical.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports the observation of the electroweak production of two jets and a Z-boson pair. This process is related to vector-boson scattering and allows the nature of electroweak symmetry breaking to be probed.

Archaeological contexts in caves provide an opportunity to examine human and animal dynamics through climatic events. Here, the authors present sedaDNA of 28 taxa from El Mirón Cave, Spain, including humans as well as reindeer, hyaena, Iberian lynx, falcon, dove, shrew, mole, weasel, woolly rhinoceros, and owl.

The ATLAS Collaboration reports a measurement of the ratio of the decay rates of W bosons to τ leptons and muons, in agreement with universal lepton couplings as postulated in the standard model of particle physics.

HistoPlexer, a deep learning model, generates multiplexed protein expression maps from H&E images, capturing tumour–immune cell interactions. It outperforms baselines, enhances immune subtyping and survival prediction and offers a cost-effective tool for precision oncology.

Electrochemical devices producing oxygen in space face limited buoyancy, hindering gas bubble removal and increasing reaction overpotentials. Now, it has been shown that commercial magnets can enhance the reaction efficiency and induce phase separation in microgravity. The optimized magnetoelectrochemical architectures developed here may guide the designs of future life-support systems.

The ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider reports a search for charged-lepton-flavour violation in decays of Z bosons into a τ lepton and an electron or muon of opposite charge.