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Complete sequences of chromosomes telomere-to-telomere from chimpanzee, bonobo, gorilla, Bornean orangutan, Sumatran orangutan and siamang provide a comprehensive and valuable resource for future evolutionary comparisons.

During chronic but not acute inflammation, chromatin remodelling is influenced by nuclear autophagy through WSTF interaction with ATG8 in the nucleus, leading to WSTF nuclear export and its subsequent degradation.

Investigating the inner structure of baryons is important to further our understanding of the strong interaction. Here, the BESIII Collaboration extracts the absolute value of the ratio of the electric to magnetic form factors and its relative phase for e + e − → J/ψ → ΛΣ decays, enhancing the signal thanks to the vacuum polarisation effect at the J/ψ peak.

Disorder has been a prime challenge to study the topological properties in a hybrid system. Here, Zhanget al. report ballistic superconductivity in InSb nanowires interfacing with a NbTiN superconductor, paving the way for disorder-free Majorana devices.

Two-dimensional framework materials offer atomic-level control over electronic properties and enable novel quantum phenomena and tunable functionality. This Review highlights how structural design, doping and measurement techniques influence conductivity, and it underscores key strategies for optimizing transport properties, with broad implications for electronics, energy and quantum technologies.

This Review discusses multiomic approaches for the characterization and biological understanding of cellular senescence, including detailed case studies on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue that highlight current outstanding issues in the field.

Using globally consistent measurements and high-resolution modelling, this study finds that black carbon emissions are generally underestimated in the Global South.

Analysis of cancer genome sequencing data has enabled the discovery of driver mutations. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium the authors present DriverPower, a software package that identifies coding and non-coding driver mutations within cancer whole genomes via consideration of mutational burden and functional impact evidence.

Hot carrier transport in organic systems has remained elusive due to rapid energy relaxation and limited transport properties. Here highly mobile hot carriers and their relaxation dynamics are reported in a crystalline two-dimensional conjugated coordination polymer, revealing two distinct transport regimes.

A computationally guided strategy enables the suppression of structural defects in tin halide perovskite nanocrystals. By combining tin-rich conditions to minimize bulk defects, introducing monovalent cations to produce defect-tolerant surfaces and tuning precursor ratios to optimize defect suppression, highly luminescent FASnI₃ nanocrystals are obtained.

Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

UM171 promotes corepressor degradation by acting as a molecular glue to induce KBTBD4–HDAC1/2 interactions with the help of inositol hexakisphosphate.

Levels of the metabolic coenzyme NAD⁺ decline during aging, which is linked to many age-related diseases. Zhang et al. review recent clinical and translational evidence testing NAD⁺ supplementation in age-related diseases, highlighting therapeutic challenges and opportunities.

Photosynthesis is a complex process, involving the transfer of sunlight driven excitation energy to a reaction centre. Here, the authors directly observe the multistep excitation energy transitions in a light-harvesting complex using ultrafast fifth-order three-dimensional electronic spectroscopy.

A pan-cancer genomic analysis reports the effects of structural variations on chromatin domains (TADs). Most TAD disruptions do not result in appreciable changes in expression of nearby genes.

Understanding deregulation of biological pathways in cancer can provide insight into disease etiology and potential therapies. Here, as part of the PanCancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) consortium, the authors present pathway and network analysis of 2583 whole cancer genomes from 27 tumour types.

Countering the effects of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin proteolytic activity with a growth factor cocktail reactivates ERK, prevents cytotoxicity and promotes survival of B. anthracis-infected mice.

A newly identified coronavirus isolated from farmed minks can use the receptor ACE2 to infect cells of different mammalian species, including human cells, which has implications for potential zoonotic spillover events.

The authors present a 3.5-million-year-long pollen record from the Zoige Basin of the eastern Tibetan Plateau, 3,442 m above sea level. The ~5,000 pollen assemblages retrieved from the core reveal many ecosystem transitions during this time and, when correlated with climatic curves, indicate what effects future warming may have on regional vegetation.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is limited by the scaling relationship in the conventional oxygen associative pathway. In this study, single p-block atoms and interstitial H are incorporated into Pd metallenes favoring the direct dissociation mechanism, leading to high alkaline ORR performance.

Rashan, Bartlett and colleagues show that mammalian 4-hydroxy fatty acids are primarily catabolized by ACAD10 and ACAD11 (atypical mitochondrial and peroxisomal acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, respectively) that use phosphorylation in their reaction mechanisms.

A technique for the site-directed conjugation of antibodies via the small-protein ubiquitin allows for the efficient multivalent conjugation of antibodies and nanobodies to fusions of ubiquitin with molecular or proteinic moieties.

Quantum speed limits are fundamental constraints on the speed of quantum state evolution. Here, the authors observe the known maximal quantum speed limits for few and many-body states on a superconducting quantum processor and identify the minimal quantum speed limits, which are less common than maximal ones.

Wastewater treatment plants are important reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Here, the authors analyze ARGs in a global collection of samples from wastewater treatment plants across six continents, providing insights into biotic and abiotic mechanisms that appear to control ARG diversity and distribution.

The advantage of living in cities compared with rural areas with respect to height and BMI in children and adolescents has generally become smaller globally from 1990 to 2020, except in sub-Saharan Africa.

Electrified reactive capture converts CO₂ from carbonate solutions but suffers from low Faradaic efficiency. Here, the authors report a templated synthesis with defined pores and Ni single atoms to accumulate CO₂, achieving 46% energy efficiency to syngas at 300 mA/cm²

Multi-omics datasets pose major challenges to data interpretation and hypothesis generation owing to their high-dimensional molecular profiles. Here, the authors develop ActivePathways method, which uses data fusion techniques for integrative pathway analysis of multi-omics data and candidate gene discovery.

In this Consensus Statement, a consortium of microbiome scientists discuss current sequencing data sharing policies and propose the use of a Data Reuse Information (DRI) tag to promote equitable and collaborative data sharing.

With the generation of large pan-cancer whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing projects, a question remains about how comparable these datasets are. Here, using The Cancer Genome Atlas samples analysed as part of the Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes project, the authors explore the concordance of mutations called by whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing techniques.

The authors use nitrogen-vacancy centre magnetometry to explore layer number and magnetic field evolution of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in the A-type antiferromagnet CrPS₄.

Sustainable management of soil organic carbon (SOC) in farmland is critical for mitigating climate change and improving soil health. Degradable film mulching is a promising alternative to plastic film mulching, sequestering SOC and reducing C loss in dryland agroecosystems under climate change.

The morphological complexity that develops on suspended sediment surfaces due to microbial colonization substantially increases drag, according to high-resolution microscopic imaging and fluid dynamics simulations.

Mutations of the histone H3K36-specific methyltransferase ASH1L have been linked to several human diseases. Here, the authors report the mechanism by which three C-terminal domains in ASH1L regulate its enzymatic activity and interact with chromatin.

Colour code on a superconducting qubit quantum processor is demonstrated, reporting above-breakeven performance and logical error scaling with increased code size by a factor of 1.56 moving from distance-3 to distance-5 code.

Full-dimensional dynamics simulations using a machine learning-based potential energy surface reveal that the Cl + C₂H₂→C₂H + HCl reaction predominantly follows two roaming mechanisms—chlorine roaming (Cl-roaming) and hydrogen roaming (H-roaming)—rather than the expected direct abstraction via the traditional transition state.

The photocatalytic reforming of plastics into value-added chemicals offers a promising strategy to address environmental challenges while providing significant energy benefits. Here, the authors develop modified carbon nitride with enhanced visible light absorption, effectively anchoring under-coordinated IrN₂O₂ sites to catalyze the oxidation of persistent plastic derivatives.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

This study reveals how the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the lung microenvironment, rich in host metabolites fumarate and itaconate, by using a key enzyme, FumC, to support its metabolic fitness, survival, and persistence.

Systematic studies are needed to discover molecular determinants of blood brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease. This study identifies perturbed pericytic SMAD3-astrocytic VEGFA interactions as a potential driver of this dysfunction.

The H+CH₄substitution reaction is the simplest reaction occurring via the Walden inversion mechanism. Here, the authors perform a theoretical study of the reaction and uncover the important effect of the umbrella motion of the non-reacting methyl group on the reaction dynamics.

The characterization of 4,645 whole-genome and 19,184 exome sequences, covering most types of cancer, identifies 81 single-base substitution, doublet-base substitution and small-insertion-and-deletion mutational signatures, providing a systematic overview of the mutational processes that contribute to cancer development.

An analysis of 2,954 genomes from 38 cancer subtypes identified 19,166 retrotransposition events in 35% of samples. Aberrant LINE-1 retrotranspositions can lead to the deletion of tumor-suppressor genes as well as the amplification of oncogenes.

Chen et al. use UK Biobank data to reveal a dietary pattern associated with a lower risk of dementia, and validate this in additional cohorts.

A study reports on the antigenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 BA.1, BA.1.1 and BA.2 and the neutralizing activity of different monoclonal antibodies and sera against them.

In this study, the authors describe an imaging technology, ¹⁸F-FDS PET, for noninvasive detection, localization and monitoring of invasive mold infections, including Aspergillus, non-Aspergillus and azole-resistant molds, throughout the body.

APOBEC mutational signatures are commonly found in multiple cancer types. Here, the authors utilize multi-omics analyses to reveal that the cooccurrence of APOBEC associated mutagenesis and tobacco-smoking-related mutations affects lung tumor evolution and age at onset of lung cancer from smokers.