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Grain number per panicle (GNP) is a yield-determining trait of rice. Here, the authors identify a GSK3-like kinase-encoding gene GNP2 and a bZIP transcription factor-encoding gene GNP5, demonstrating their synergistic regulation of GNP and showing that specific allele combinations of these genes enhance rice yield in field conditions.

Subduction-driven warming and uplift are linked to the Cambrian Explosion, and Li-Os-Sr isotopes trace enhanced erosion of phosphorus-rich juvenile rocks that boosted productivity and oxygen levels to fuel animal diversification.

Cold tolerance at the booting stage is critical for the expansion of rice cultivation area. Here, the authors report that a CAMTA family transcription factor encoding gene CTB3 positively regulates japonica rice booting stage cold tolerance and its upstream and downstream interactors to fulfill the functionality.

Mercury accumulates in the deep sea, but its ecological impact remains unclear. This study reveals distinct patterns of mercury-transforming processes in deep-sea sediments, uncovering potential novel taxa and pathways.

Genetic basis of the drought tolerance of upland rice is unclear. Here, the authors report the cloning of a COBRA-like protein encoding gene DROT1 and reveal that it is repressed by ERF3 and activated by ERF71 to help control the balance between growth and drought tolerance in upland rice.

Here, the authors find that high-pressure treatment in a diamond anvil cell turns initially non-emissive organic small molecules emissive after decompression, where their color can be tuned through the maximum applied pressure.

Low temperature is a major factor limiting productivity in rice. Here the authors show that theCTB4a gene confers cold tolerance to japonicavarieties adapted to cold habitats at the booting stage of development, and propose that CTB4a acts via an interaction with the beta subunit of ATP synthase.

Advancements in proton-exchange membrane water electrolyzers rely on developing oxygen evolution reaction catalysts with high activity and stability. Here, the authors report a method to enhance the spatiotemporal coordination of oxygen radicals in a Ru-based catalyst for improved performance.

A super-pangenome analysis incorporating 123 newly sequenced bryophyte genomes reveals that bryophytes exhibit a larger number of unique and lineage-specific gene families than vascular plants.

Here the authors map mesothelial cells across organs, revealing conserved disease-driven states. They identify key genes controlling the shift toward fibrosis and shows that blocking this reprogramming protects lungs, opening new anti-fibrosis strategies.

Alkyl germanes are important compounds in pharmaceutical and materials chemistry but developing efficient and general strategies for synthesis of such compounds is challenging. Here, the authors report a robust electrochemically driven method for the synthesis of alkyl germanes.

Improving oxygen evolution in acidic water electrolysis is vital for advancing clean hydrogen production. Here, the authors report that doping ruthenium oxide with selenium enhances efficiency and durability by tuning orbital band gaps, improving electron flow, and stabilizing oxygen vacancies.

Zhang et al. propose the ecological status of the ocean by considering microbial diversity, structure, and biogeochemical potential. Ecological status of 32.44% surface ocean will change due to climate change in 2100, assuming no policy intervention.

The efficiency of a quantum computer depends on which basic operations it can implement. Now a scheme that can implement any two-qubit logic gate has been demonstrated on a superconducting architecture.

Despite being essential to many applications in quantum science, entanglement can be easily disrupted by decoherence. A protocol based on repetitive quantum error correction now demonstrates enhanced coherence times of entangled logical qubits.

Searching non-charge-based devices is crucial for sustainable information processing. Here, the authors make a nonvolatile magnon field effect transistor at room temperature, enabling efficient magnon transport control via the gate voltage pulses.

Stabilizing sulfur dopants on metal surfaces is important but challenging in acidic CO₂ to HCOOH electrolysis, especially under high current densities. Here the authors present phase engineered SnS pre-catalyst with stronger intrinsic Sn-S binding strength for CO₂ conversion to HCOOH at > 1 A cm⁻² in acidic medium.

The performance of wide-bandgap perovskite photovoltaics is limited by the undesired phase transition and high density of deep level traps. Here, Tan et al. incorporate dipolar methylammonium cation to make the material defect-tolerant and achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 20.7%.

Single-atom and nanocluster catalysts have been widely studied in heterogeneous catalysis, yet their coexistence and potential synergistic effects remain unclear. Here, the authors investigate atomic-scale Ni-based catalysts for bioethanol reforming and reveal a synergistic interaction between single atoms and nanoclusters.

Layered oxide cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries often experience irreversible phase transitions and structural instability. Now researchers have developed a P2-type oxide containing earth-abundant elements, featuring an intergrowth phase structure that enables long-cycle, high-energy sodium-ion batteries.

The synthesis of allenes through 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes typically requires preformed organometallic species, high temperature or specific alkyl radical precursors. Now an electrochemical multicomponent protocol for the chemo- and regioselective 1,4-difunctionalization of 1,3-enynes is reported, which uses alkyl bromides with aryl bromides, alkyl bromides or H₂O/D₂O as reagents for 1,4-difunctionalization.

RNA fragments derived from cleaved transfer RNAs play roles in gene regulation and cell proliferation. Here, the authors report that upon ER stress, an ER ribonuclease produces a specific tRNA fragment that promotes cancer cell proliferation and modulates mRNA alternative splicing.

Zinc metal is a promising anode material for aqueous secondary batteries. However, the unfavourable morphologies formed on the electrode surface during cycling limit its application. Here, the authors report the tailoring of the surface morphology using a lanthanum nitrate aqueous electrolyte additive.

Deciphering the relationship between radical stability and electrochemiluminescence performance is important since the stability of electrochemically generated radicals has an impact on the efficiency and durability of excited state generation. Here, the authors describe a volcano shaped relationship via modulating the electron affinity of three acrylonitrile-linked covalent organic frameworks.

Deuterated amines play a crucial role as building blocks in drug synthesis and in identifying metabolites of novel pharmaceuticals. This study introduces a dual-functional phosphorus-doped iron single-atom catalyst that efficiently enables both reductive amination and deuteration in a one-pot process, utilizing H₂ as the reducing agent and cost-effective D₂O as the deuterium source.

Protein delivery with cell-penetrating peptides suffers from ineffective endosomal escape and low tolerance in serum, thereby limiting treatment success. Here the authors present an intracellular protein delivery system and demonstrate efficient delivery in vitro and therapeutic efficacy in a liver failure model in vivo.

The authors experimentally realize the control of the topological charge of magnetic skyrmionic structures at room temperature in a Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) platform with spatially alternating signs. By modifying the DMI energy landscape through chemisorbed oxygen, a magnetic topological transition is realized.

Electrocatalysts based on earth-abundant elements have emerged as promising candidates to replace noble metal materials. Here, the authors develop porous hybrid nanostructures combining amorphous Ni-Co complexes with 1T phase MoS₂for enhanced electrocatalytic activity for overall water splitting.

The regulation of the distinct intrinsic phenotypic states in melanoma remain poorly characterised. Here, multi-omics analysis for a panel of 68 early passage melanoma cell lines reveals that cancer cell intrinsic transcriptomic programs are associated with distinct immune features.

The synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles from biomass is scarcely known. Here, the authors report a strategy for the N-heterocyclic piperidines synthesis by one-pot amination of the bio-based furfural utilizing a Ru₁Co_NP/HAP surface single-atom alloy catalyst.

High-throughput computational screening of multicomponent molecular photocatalytic systems offers a strategy to minimize the screening of large numbers of photosensitizer–catalyst combinations. Here a machine learning-accelerated approach using multiple descriptors shows strong predictive power in experimentally validated systems for CO₂ reduction.

Effective transport layers are essential to suppress non-radiative recombination losses. Here, the authors introduce phenylamino-functionalized ortho-carborane as an interfacial layer, and realise inverted perovskite solar cells with efficiency of over 23% and operational stability of T97 = 400 h.

Intestinal commensal bacteria are closely associated with metabolic health. Here, the authors show that Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ617 mitigates metabolic syndrome by supplying substrate S-adenosylmethionine for spermidine-producing bacteria to promote spermidine synthesis in intestine.

The weak effects induced by lattice disorder on the optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites still remain elusive. Here Wu et al. confirm the indirect transition tail states in perovskite crystals which explain their low photoluminescence quantum yield, dual emission peaks and difficulties in realizing lasing.

Formamidinium-lead-iodide-based perovskites have a preferred bandgap below 1.55 eV for solar cell applications but suffer from operational instability. Here, Zhao et al. improve the film quality using cesium-containing seeded growth to show high stabilized efficiency and more than 100 h lifetime under simulated sunlight.

Developing high-performance potassium-ion batteries remains a challenge. Here, the authors show that few-layered Sb₂S₃/carbon composite anode synthesized via simple exfoliation minimizes the volume changes during (de)intercalation of K⁺ ions with boosted rate performance and cyclability.

Reduced-dimensional halide perovskites are promising for light-emitting diodes but suffer from photo-degradation. Here Quan et al. identify the edge of the perovskite nanoplatelets as the degradation channels and use phosphine oxides to passivate the edges and boost device performance and lifetime.

Developing effective catalysts based on earth abundant elements is critical for electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Here, the authors prepare a manganese single atom catalyst with high CO₂ reduction performance, which can be attributed to the Mn-N₃ site embedded in graphitic carbon nitride.

How post-translational SUMOylation regulates the SRF activity in cardiovascular disease is unclear. Here, the authors report that SRF SUMOylation increased by SENP1 deficiency switches vascular smooth muscle cells from a healthy contractile phenotype to a disease-associated synthetic phenotype.

Analysis of 11 flatfish genomes indicates that Pleuronectoidei and Psettodoidei are not a monophyletic group. Genomic and transcriptomic data suggest that the WNT and RA pathways played a role in the evolution of the specialized body of flatfish.

Cytokine-induced signaling acts as an ON/OFF switch dependent on the presence of ligands. Here the authors construct synthetic cytokine receptors responsive to synthetic ligands able to activate canonical signaling pathways.

The genome of the tropical blue-petal water lily Nymphaea colorata and the transcriptomes from 19 other Nymphaeales species provide insights into the early evolution of angiosperms.

Wang et al. present a single-component n-type optoelectrochemical synapse that enables current modulation in response to electrical and optical stimuli. This is used for multispectral sensing, synaptic plasticity, memory, image recognition, and motion detection, for bio-inspired optoelectronic applications.

SAMBA, a new chemically induced proximity system, overcomes the cost, complexity and reversibility challenges of such systems by precisely controlling protein interactions in a biocompatible manner mediated by salicylic acid, with applications in reprogramming oscillations, calcium signaling, receptor tyrosine kinase activation and cancer immunotherapy.

Field-free switching of the perpendicular yttrium iron garnet magnetization with considerable efficiency is desired for device performance. Here, the authors demonstrate such an accomplishment with a collinear spin current in Py.