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Taniuchi and colleagues show that differential phosphorylation of the terminal Y residue in Runx proteins connect MHC restriction with the helper versus cytotoxic T cell lineage choice.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Non-contact thermometry is one of the key technologies for modern science and industry. Here, authors demonstrated measurement of temperature of an element using neutron resonance spectroscopy with Doppler broadening with single intense short neutron pulse provided from high peak power.

Rare subtypes of renal cancers can be difficult to diagnose. Here, the authors use transcriptional analysis to show utility in aiding histological classification.

Genome-wide association analysis of gout and urate identifies 148 new loci, implicating biological pathways and prioritizing candidate genes involved in inflammatory processes.

Analyzing genetic data from over 210,000 Japanese individuals, the authors uncover 19 novel heart failure risk loci and develop a genetic score to predict those at high risk, revealing shared and ancestry-specific genetic bases across different populations.

Altered iron homeostasis resulting in excessive oxidative stress has been implicated in smoke-induced lung diseases. Here the authors show that ferroptosis of lung epithelial cells, potentially resulting from excessive ferritinophagy, is involved in the pathogenesis of COPD.

Nonlinear optical interactions could in principle allow simpler implementations of quantum information processing, compared to linear-optics-based ones, but the task is hindered by the weak nature of the interaction. Here, the authors demonstrate quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping using the parametric nonlinear process of sum-frequency generation.

While organolithium and organomagnesium compounds have well developed methods in organic chemistry, organosodium compounds are much less widely used. Here a method to generate organosodium compounds from aryl chlorides and (hetero)arenes is reported, along with a demonstration of their use in cross-coupling reactions.

The chirality provides new route for organic materials to be implemented in the spintronics applications. Here the authors show a solid-state spin-filtering device in an organic spin-valve structure enabled by light irradiation induced change in the chirality of molecule.

Type I collagen in the dermis is a major component of the skin, though how this collagen is formed and modified as remained unclear. Here they show that keratinocytes contribute to dermal collagen formation in axolotl skin in a conserved mechanism, offering new insights into collagen formation.

A special-purpose holography computing board, which uses eight large-scale field-programmable gate arrays, can be used to generate 10⁸-pixel holograms that can be updated at a video frame rate.

Insect–computer hybrid robots offer promise for navigating complex terrain. Here, the authors developed a vision-guided robotic system to automatically assemble hybrid robots with custom electrodes, enabling scalable production while maintaining effective locomotion control

Knee osteoarthritis has a sex-specific phenotype with post-menopausal persons experiencing the highest incidence. Here the authors investigate the underlying mechanisms in a mouse model of menopause and find that the loss of 17β-estradiol and progesterone enhanced susceptibility to senescence, extracellular matrix disassembly and cartilage degradation.

Hyperuricemia, or gout, is thought to arise either from urate overproduction or from decreased renal excretion of urate. Ichidaet al. show that the extra-renal excretion of urate also has a role in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, and propose a new classification for patients with this disease.

Neural mechanisms underlying memory acquisition and encoding are not fully understood. Here authors show that during sleep, besides the replay of past memory, coactivity of a new set of cells arises (engram-to-be) to encode future memory by the aid of offline synaptic scaling. This dual process preserves past memories while shaping new ones for the future.

The authors report a Hall effect that originates from a fictitious magnetic field associated with antiferromagnetic order that breaks time-reversal symmetry, followed by translation symmetry.

In view of previous work suggesting that low-voltage areas may promote atrial fibrillation, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial tested the hypothesis that ablation of low-voltage areas in addition to pulmonary vein isolation might reduce the recurrence of atrial arrhythmic events, but found no significant benefit to the combined procedure.

Human parechovirus genotype A3 (PeV-A3) can cause severe diseases in neonates and young infants. Here, Watanabe et al. identify a host factor myeloid-associated differentiation marker (MYADM) as essential for PeV-A infection and provide evidence for its involvement during virus entry into host cells in vitro.

This prospective study conducted in a phase 3 trial has shown that pre-treatment serum VEGF-A was a negative biomarker for PFS in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with a combination of an anti-angiogenic agent and a PD-1 axis inhibitor.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses identify new risk loci for Parkinson’s disease, and fine-mapping and co-localization analyses implicate candidate genes whose expression is associated with disease susceptibility.

Treatment with the oncolytic herpes virus CAN-3110 is associated with improved survival responses in patients with recurrent glioblastoma, particularly in individuals who are seropositive for HSV1.

Results from a pivotal single-arm phase 2 trial show that the repeated intratumoral administration of the oncolytic herpes virus G47∆ in residual or recurrent glioblastoma exhibits survival benefit and a safe profile.

Whether and how the non-lesional sensorimotor cortex contributes to the post-injury recovery are not fully understood. The authors, show that the interhemispheric pathway between the premotor cortices contributed to hand movements in early recovery after damage to the corticospinal tract in primates.

We showed that both dichorionic diamniotic and monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies are risk factors for the development of early-onset and late-onset hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

A Cre recombinase dependent on red fluorescent protein (RFP) is generated, which expands the repertory of nanobody-based genetic tools by enabling selective targeting of RFP-dependent gene expression in the mouse and rat brain.

SARS-CoV-2 D614G spike protein mutation is one of the predominant circulating vital mutants. Here, Ozono et al. demonstrate that D614G mutation increases in vitro cell entry by acquiring higher affinity to ACE2.

Cyborg insects combine living insects with miniature electronic controllers, offering several advantages over conventional robots. Here, the authors propose an algorithm that can navigate a swarm of cyborgs from the start to a predetermined goal in an unknown sandy terrain in the presence of obstacles and hills.

Ribosome profiling faces issues with rRNA contamination and measurements of ribosome numbers on transcripts. Here, the authors develop Ribo-FilterOut and Ribo-Calibration, methods which can be used to estimate kinetic and stoichiometric parameters of translation under various conditions.

Tightness-looseness theory predicts that social norms strengthen following threat. Here the authors test this and find that, after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand washing norms increased, but no evidence was observed for a robust change in most other norms.

The integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) drives HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV⁺ HNSCC). Here, the authors perform genomic analysis to investigate HPV integration in patients with HPV⁺ HNSCC, identifying intratumor heterogeneity and biased distribution of HPV integration.

A ‘triangulation’ approach combining linguistics, archaeology and genetics suggests that the origin and spread of Transeurasian family of languages can be traced back to early millet farmers in Neolithic North East Asia.

Genome-wide association analyses in the Japanese population and trans-ancestry meta-analyses identify new risk loci for coronary artery disease. A polygenic risk score derived from these findings identifies individuals with increased risk of long-term cardiovascular mortality.

Kohro et al. identify a population of astrocytes located in the superficial dorsal horn of adult spinal cord (genetically defined by Hes5) that acts as a gate for locus coeruleus descending noradrenergic control of mechanosensory hypersensitivity.

The authors report a high-throughput combinatorial printing method capable of fabricating materials with compositional gradients at microscale spatial resolution, demonstrating a variety of high-throughput printing strategies and applications in combinatorial doping, functional grading and chemical reaction.

The use of optical phase sensitive amplifiers (PSA) has been shown to allow fast quantum tomography of Gaussian states, but non-Gaussian states are a key component for quantum computation using optical continuous-variable systems. Here, the authors extend PSA-enhanced high-bandwidth homodyne detection to non-Gaussian states.

Higher-order structured DNA molecules can be manipulated to carry out specific enzymatic functions. Here the authors demonstrate the metal ion-directed global conformational control of DNA structure, using intramolecular coordination chemistry to manipulate the DNAzyme activity.

Individuals with autism often exhibit social memory impairment. Here, authors show the disruption of autism-associate Shank3 gene in more than a certain proportion of hippocampal ventral CA1 neurons impairs social memory, through AAV- and extracellular vesicle-mediated in vivo gene editing.