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The authors introduce a deep learning pipeline integrating classification, ranking, and regression modules, in which each module is trained via a few-shot learning strategy involving pretraining and multiple fine-tuning steps, to identify potent AMPs against Acinetobacter baumannii.

Serotonin is thought to reduce aggression, but the mechanisms have been unclear. Here, authors show that when a mouse attacks an intruder, serotonin levels rise in the nucleus accumbens, terminating the attack by inhibiting specific aggression signalling cells.

ATF6α activation in human and preclinical models of hepatocellular carcinoma is significantly associated with an aggressive tumour phenotype characterized by reduced survival, glycolytic reprogramming and local immunosuppression.

Mechanical response of semiconducting polymers affects their electrical properties, yet the detail remains elusive. Zhong et al. examine the multiscale structural evolution of conjugated polymer thin films during uniaxial deformation and link it to mechanical resilience and solar cell performance.

Electrochemical carbon–nitrogen coupling could enable cleaner urea production, but synchronizing intermediates is difficult. Here, the authors design a hierarchical click-site catalyst that enables sequential-chain coupling of nitrate and CO₂, delivering high urea selectivity and efficiency.

Researchers report a solid that is amorphous in two dimensions but crystalline in the third, made of stacked disordered atomic layers. This shows that crystalline and amorphous order can coexist within a single material depending on direction.

Identifying jets originating from heavy quarks plays a fundamental role in hadronic collider experiments. In this work, the ATLAS Collaboration describes and tests a transformer-based neural network architecture for jet flavour tagging based on low-level input and physics-inspired constraints.

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression through dynamic changes in secondary structure. Here, the authors reveal how the glycine tandem riboswitch integrates sequential signals via stepwise folding and binding of ligands to orchestrate gene regulation during transcription.

It is shown that an a.c. field exponentially extends the lifetime of a prethermal time crystal realized with nuclear spins in diamond, enabling a narrowband detection of magnetic fields.

Dysregulation of H3K4 methylation is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, the authors perturb H3K4 methylation in the MGE and hypothalamus, resulting in altered gene expression and cell fate as well as changes in behavior that mimic NDD symptoms.

Beta-arrestins are key transducers of G-protein coupled receptors, but the mechanisms of beta-arrestin signaling are poorly understood. Here, authors use cryo-electron microscopy to show how beta-arrestin 1 binds and activates Src kinase

Most patients with B-cell leukemia respond to chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy, yet many relapse due to loss of CAR T function. Here, the authors show that the metabolism of CAR T from short- and long-term responders is different, which may explain why CAR T lose functionality.

The authors present evidence for the coexistence and coupling of ferroelectricity and superconductivity at amorphous LaAlO3/KTaO3(111) interfaces. Furthermore, flipping ferroelectric polarization reduces interfacial conductivity by more than 1000 times, and simultaneously suppresses superconductivity

Visible-light-mediated intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of aza-1,6-dienes gives bridged, not fused, heterocycles, in violation of the ‘rule-of-five’, which dictates that five-membered rings are preferentially formed. This method allows a variety of bridged bicyclic scaffolds to be accessed, enabling drug-relevant properties to be readily tuned.

Many vascular‑disease risk loci lack defined causal genes. Here, the authors integrate functional genomics and CRISPR screens to identify genes influencing smooth muscle cell behaviour, validating roles for FES, BCAR1, CARF and SMARCA4, with Fes loss promoting atherosclerosis and hypertension.

The paper reports a scalable, chemical-free plasma process that converts methane and water into high-purity, single-layer graphene oxide while co-producing hydrogen, cutting greenhouse emissions, and lowering cost compared with conventional methods.

Controlling reaction selectivity in complex multistep electrochemical transformations remains a major challenge. Here, the authors report that molecular interface engineering on silver electrodes enables precise regulation of key reaction intermediates for efficient ammonia electrosynthesis.

There has been growing interest in studying magnons in the quantum regime, and coherent coupling to other quantum systems has been demonstrated. Here the authors report quantum level magnon squeezing in a millimeter scale yttrium iron garnet sphere, enabled by strong magnon-superconducting qubit coupling.

In this study, the authors designed potent Enterovirus D68 capsid inhibitors that block viral binding and show that the lead compounds reduce virus levels, prevent paralysis and improve survival in EV-D68-challenged mice, even when treatment starts days after infection.

People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for aging-related comorbidities. Here, the authors develop a proteomics-based immune aging framework for PLWH and demonstrate that immune aging is accelerated in HIV infection, is closely linked to total viral reservoir burden, and is modulated by antiretroviral therapy.

Using plasma proteome profiles from over 53,000 UK Biobank participants, Zhang et al. examined proteins associated with suicidal behavior and investigated pathways that could explain the association

Conventional carbon synthesis is energy intensive. Here, the authors introduce an energy-autonomous pathway using polyaniline-HClO₄ composites. This rapid reaction yields carbon nanosheets with tunable active sites for electrocatalysis.

Transportation infrastructure threatens forests, but past studies have been regional or focused on single metrics like forest cover. This global analysis finds road-adjacent forests lose cover, height, and productivity and become more fragmented.

Rare coding variants that reduce the activity of a protein can have a beneficial impact on health. Here, researchers identify rare genetic variants in the CHRNB3 gene that associate with reduced cigarette smoking across diverse populations.

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics is increasingly central to systems biology. Here, the authors present a high-throughput, multi-organ workflow that profiles 11,472 proteins in 507 mouse samples, enabling rapid, system-level evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity.

Atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the adsorption and organization of ions on charged surfaces. Trivalent ions adopt complex networks, clusters and layers associated with overcharging, whereas divalent ions follow classical predictions.

KRAS is an oncogene that switches between a GDP-bound inactive state and a GTP-bound active state. Recently developed KRAS G12C inhibitors are specific to the GDP-bound inactive state. Here, the authors develop a class of covalent KRAS G12C inhibitors capable of targeting both states for the treatment of KRAS-driven cancer.

The STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory demonstrates evidence of spin correlations in \(\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\) hyperon pairs inherited from virtual spin-correlated strange quark–antiquark pairs during QCD confinement.

Meningiomas are common brain tumors with variable behavior. This study reveals high STING expression across multiple cell types in the meningioma microenvironment. STING agonism triggers tumor cell death via programmed necrosis and pyroptosis, enhancing survival in preclinical models.

The severity of climate change impacts calls for low-carbon thermal management solutions. This work presents a chameleon-inspired electronic skin for adaptive electrochromic thermal regulation with minimal energy input and scalability potential.

Functional studies of O-GlcNAcylation have often focused on individual modifications. Now, a systems-level approach has identified simultaneous O-GlcNAcylation events that coordinate cellular activities and tissue-specific functions.

A shift in organic carbon to total phosphorus (C_org/P_total) ratios in marine siliciclastic strata from approximately 455 million years ago suggests an earlier-than-previously-thought spread of land plants and their impact on the Earth system, based on analogy with extant C/P ratios of terrestrial and marine organic matter.

The APOE-ε4 allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, but it is not deterministic. Here, the authors show that common genetic variation changes how APOE-ε4 influences cognition.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

Biological system for stable object manipulation is facilitated by a unified tactile memory system. Here, GenForce enables transferable force sensing across diverse tactile sensors using a unified representation, enhancing robot manipulation through cross-sensor transfer and multi-sensor coordination.

A high-temperature immiscible blend of two dipolar polymers that self-assemble into three-dimensional all-polymer nanocomposites allows markedly enhanced dielectric and energy storage performances over a broad temperature range.

While therapies targeting type I BRAF mutations have been developed, there are limited options for those with type II and III mutations. Here, the authors identify a subset of BRAF-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients and characterise the pan-RAF inhibitor exarafenib, demonstrating efficacy in preclinical models and investigating subsequent resistance mechanisms.

Here, the authors show that 2’-O-methylated RNA fragments from ribosomal RNA naturally block TLR7 and TLR8, helping to avoid avoid harmful self-RNA detection and autoimmunity.

Mouse models show that lymphoedema caused by impaired lymphatic drainage is ameliorated by removal of cholesterol deposits, which promotes the regeneration of lymphatic vessels.

HIV-1 integrase forms an RNA-binding module on the luminal side of the mature capsid lattice.

Taniuchi and colleagues show that differential phosphorylation of the terminal Y residue in Runx proteins connect MHC restriction with the helper versus cytotoxic T cell lineage choice.

Bright electron bunches power particle physics and photon science. Here, reproducible bunches were generated in a plasma with simultaneous high charge per unit energy and low emittance, advancing a scheme to produce ultra-bright bunches in future.

Quantum systems possessing conserved quantities are expected to show quantum fluid properties governed by hydrodynamic equations. This behaviour is now evidenced in a neutron scattering study on the one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnet KCuF₃.

Nitrate sensing by NLP7 engages a MEKK–MAPK cascade to phosphorylate the circadian clock protein CCA1, establishing a positive-feedback loop that stimulates auxin signalling to drive root foraging for nitrate.

The 4D Nucleome Project demonstrates the use of genomic assays and computational methods to measure genome folding and then predict genomic structure from DNA sequence, facilitating the discovery of potential effects of genetic variants, including variants associated with disease, on genome structure and function.

This study uses single-nucleus RNA sequencing to analyze lung tissue from 141 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Distinct patterns of spatially resolved changes in cell composition and cell states that correlate with clinical features are highlighted.

The tolerogenic activity of type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1s) is determined by EPOR, which is preferentially expressed in cDC1s and induces antigen-specific FOXP3-expressing regulatory T cells.

Diatoms are critical for carbon fixation and have strong biotechnology potential. Here, the authors optimized DNA and protein delivery methods for the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, also showing that DNA pieces can be stitched together directly in algal cells.