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Neural tissue is a key signalling centre for fundic–antral patterning in development of gastric organoids featuring asymmetric PDX1 patterning.

The ongoing uncoordinated emission abatement of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds and NO_x has increased condensable oxygenated organic vapor concentrations and in turn promoted atmospheric new particle growth in Beijing.

Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 protein (PKD2L1) is a voltage-dependent calcium-dependent nonselective ion channel involved in sour taste perception and regulation of pH-dependent action potential of spinal cord neurons. Here the authors present the 3.4 Å cryo-EM structure of PKD2L1 in the open state and propose a model for the gating mechanism.

Ozone pollution is enhanced by increased non-combustion anthropogenic volatile organic compound emissions during heatwaves, according to atmospheric measurements and modelling of ozone concentrations in a heatwave in Shanghai.

Correct interpretation of computer tomography (CT) scans is important for the correct assessment of a patient’s disease but can be subjective and timely. Here, the authors develop a system that can automatically segment the non-small cell lung cancer on CT images of patients and show in an in silico trial that the method was faster and more reproducible than clinicians.

Metallic altermagnets are promising for applications due to the spin-polarized electric current that originates from their spin-split band structure. Now d-wave altermagnetism with antisymmetric spin polarization has been demonstrated in KV₂Se₂O.

Personalized antibacterial agents against diverse bacteria strains are promising for combating antimicrobial resistance, but a balance between strain specificity and broad-spectrum bactericidal activity is elusive. Here, the authors report an antibacterial nanoagent TiOx@C with bacterial cell wall specificity, multi-targeting and bactericidal effect against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

Deep ultraviolet (DUV) detectors based on wide-bandgap semiconductors face challenges in the materials growth and optoelectronic properties optimization. Here, the authors realize high-performance DUV photodetectors based on van der Waals heterostructures, where the cutoff wavelength is determined by the tunnelling barrier height rather than the material bandgap.

The assembly of eight high-quality rapeseed genomes allows identification of presence and absence variations (PAVs) and small variations. PAV-based genome-wide association analysis uncovered causal variations for agronomic traits and ecotype differentiation.

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease, and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin lesions plays a critical role in the progress of psoriasis. Here, the authors report the use of multienzyme-inspired biomimetic iron single-atom catalysts (FeN₄O₂-SACs) with broad-spectrum ROS-scavenging capability for psoriasis treatment and relapse prevention via related gene restoration.

The cell-intrinsic factors that regulate the differentiation of follicular helper T cells remain unclear. Hu and colleagues demonstrate that the transcription factor Foxp1 is critical in inhibiting such differentiation.

This study reports a fully integrated 128 × 8 optoelectronic memristor array with Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits, featuring configurable multi-mode functionality. It demonstrates diversified in-sensor computing tasks and consumes 20 times less energy than GPUs.

The direct and facile growth of WS₂ and WSe₂ nanotubes with controllable chirality is realized using catalytic chemical vapour deposition with Au nanoparticles.

There are various indigenous cattle breeds in East Asia which have a complex history. Here, the authors analyse the genomes of 49 modern breeds and eight ancient samples and identify three distinct ancestries and multiple adaptive introgressions from other bovine species.

Lung cancer is characterized by an immunosuppressive microenvironment, limiting responses to immunotherapies. Here the authors report the design of a pH-responsive nanomedicine for the co-delivery of a T-type calcium channel inhibitor and of a small molecule targeting CD47, promoting anti-tumor immune responses in orthotopic lung cancer preclinical models.

The pursuit of all-solid-state batteries has motivated advancements in materials design. Here, the authors present a methodology demonstrating that ionic potential effectively captures crucial interactions within halide materials, guiding the design of the new materials with enhanced performance.

The corpus cavernosum is the most important structure for penile erection, and its dysfunction causes physiological and psychological problems. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA-sequencing on corpus cavernosum samples from males with normal erection and erectile dysfunction patients, providing insights into this pathology.

To date, little is known about the regulatory landscape of the pig genome. Here, the authors characterize cis-regulatory elements in the pig genome using RNA-seq, ChIP-Seq and ATAC-seq, finding a higher degree of usage conservation between pig and human than mouse and human.

The cryo-electron microscopy structure of human γ-secretase in complex with its substrate Notch reveals pronounced structural rearrangements compared to the apo enzyme, including formation of a β-sheet involving residues from both enzyme and substrate.

How electron correlation interplays with topological states remains rarely explored. Here, the authors report flat band arising due to electron correlations in magnetic Weyl semimetal Co₃Sn₂S₂ from a combined optical-spectroscopy and simulation study.

How sulfur dioxide emitted through coal combustion is oxidized to sulfate particles during winter haze pollution events has been the subject of debate. Here, the authors show that rapid oxidation takes place by nitrogen dioxide and nitrous acid, producing nitrous oxide together with sulfate.

Mingfang Zhang, Sally Mackenzie and colleagues report the genome sequence of allopolyploid Brassica juncea and through comparative analysis suggest that A-subgenome evolution contributes to differences in agricultural subvarieties. They find that differential homoeolog gene expression from the subgenomes helps to shape the selection that distinguishes vegetable- and oil-use Brassica.

Minsheng You and colleagues report the whole-genome sequence of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Their transcriptome analysis from different life stages, together with comparative genomic and phylogenetic analysis, provides insights into herbivore evolution and insect adaptation to plant feeding and detoxification.

Jieruo Gu, Jianjun Liu and colleagues report the results of a genome-wide association study of ankylosing spondylitis in Han Chinese. They identify two new susceptibility loci for this inflammatory disease and confirm strong associations with variants in the HLA-B region.

Yinghao Sun and colleagues report a genome-wide association study for prostate cancer in Han Chinese men. They identify two new risk-associated loci at chromosomes 9q31 and 19q13.

Results are presented from the first Critical Assessment of protein Intrinsic Disorder prediction (CAID) experiment, a community-based blind test to determine the state of the art in predicting intrinsically disordered regions in proteins.

Materials science provides tools and technologies for the protection against viral infections, as well as for the understanding, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of viral diseases. This Review discusses present and future directions in antiviral materials-science research, with a focus on COVID-19.

We report a waveguide-integrated BP/MoTe₂ PN heterojunction photodetector. It presents ultralow dark currents and high responsivities, which has potentials to develop high-performance on-chip photodetectors for various photonic integrated circuits.

Deep learning for phase recovery including “pre-processing”, “in-processing”, “post-processing”, and “phase processing”.