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Revealing mechanisms of complex protein machines requires simultaneous exploration of multiple structural coordinates. Here the authors report two-colour fluorescence microscopy combined with photoinduced electron transfer probes to simultaneously detect two structural coordinates in single protein molecules.

The construction of a self-assembled nanocage composed of four metal ions and six antiaromatic walls is demonstrated, and the effect of antiaromaticity on the host–guest properties is investigated.

This work presents Perturb-tracing, integrating CRISPR screening with barcode readout and chromatin tracing for loss-of-function screens, enabling the identification of chromatin folding regulators at various length scales.

Antila et al. show that brain amyloid-β load is not significantly affected by sustained dural lymphatic vessel atrophy or hyperplasia induced by lymphangiogenic growth factor manipulation in two mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease.

The authors introduce frozen evanescent waves as the Bloch eigenmodes of periodic problems at zero frequency. Elastic waves serve as an example. Under special conditions, the decay length of the frozen evanescent phonons can become anomalously large.

A metabolically bioactivated selective imidazothiazole nematicide shows comparable effectiveness at controlling plant root infection by Meloidogyne incognita to commercial nematicides, which are traditionally nonselective and toxic.

Soft friction remains elusive due to the complication at microscales where the elastic forces are comparable to capillarity and adhesion. Glover et al. show that a moving microparticle can induce a cease at the leading front of the underlying soft surface as a result of a build-up of compressive stress.

The black phase of formamidinium lead iodide perovskite is used to make highly efficient solar cells, and a technique to improve its purity and stability by controlling crystal nucleation could make them even better.

A molecularly defined subset of somatostatin-positive inhibitory neurons in the mouse posterior parietal cortex carries a cell-type-specific error-correction signal for navigation.

A light-sheet microscope images large surgical and biopsy specimens non-destructively over large fields of view in two and three dimensions, with the same level of detail as traditional slide-based histopathology.

Reporter gene expression history in cells is recorded with engineered fluorescent protein fibers.

Utilizing short-term dietary interventions for surgical preconditioning stands as an emerging approach to enhance surgical outcomes. Here, the authors show the potential of short-term preoperative methionine restriction as a simple intervention to ameliorate postinterventional vascular remodelling.

Perovskite solar cells can complement silicon photovoltaics in multijunction devices. Here, the authors optimize light harvesting in monolithic perovskite-on-silicon devices and fabricate a certified 23.6% efficient, 1 cm² tandem solar cell with a perovskite device that withstands damp heat tests.

A red blood cell haemostatic mechanism induced by dying ECs functions independently of platelets and fibrin.

Walpole et al. show that the Salmonella effector SopB generates phosphatidylinositol 3,4-bisphosphate de novo via a phosphotransferase mechanism, independently of phosphoinositide 3-kinases and ATP.

The active zone primes synaptic vesicles and clusters voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels fast neurotransmitter release. Here the authors dissect the underlying molecular architecture and show that distinct protein machineries execute these functions.

The operational simplicity of modifying the surfaces of thiol-capped gold nanoparticles has been a hallmark of their success in materials chemistry, despite having limited control over the surface composition. Now, S_NAr chemistry on activated perfluoroaromatics has been shown to mimic this simplicity and allow for the synthesis of atomically precise nanomolecules.

The dopamine transporter (DAT), a regulator of dopamine homeostasis in the brain, and sigma-1 receptor (σ₁R), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein, are both implicated in drug addiction. In this work, the authors investigate how σ₁R modulates DAT response to methamphetamine.

Gasdermin D Cys191 is S-palmitoylated, and palmitoylation is required for pore formation.

The authors report that the ultrastructure and plasticity of excitatory synapses connecting dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus are severely compromised in a transchromosomic mouse model of Down syndrome. These alterations are accompanied by unstable information coding by CA3 and CA1 place cells, which may contribute to aspects of impaired cognition in the disease.

The authors demonstrate nano-engineered thin film thermoelectric materials are attractive for practical solid-state refrigeration with semiconductor manufacturing and ultra-low 0.003-cc materials usage.

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are host cell targets of candidalysin, a cytolytic toxin of the fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

Enantioselective C–C bond-forming reactions are underdeveloped in the biocatalysis toolbox. Now, engineering an efficient and promiscuous decarboxylative aldolase enzyme provides a solution to facilitate the convenient synthesis of non-standard γ-hydroxy amino acids from simple building blocks.

Despite advances in GPCR structures and peptide design, creating high-affinity ligands remains a challenge. Here the authors develop a computational method, successfully identifying peptide-based molecules for KOR: their platform shows promise for streamlined GPCR ligand discovery.

Here, the authors present and characterise a collection of human gut bacteria including novel taxa associated with health conditions and a large diversity of plasmids. All isolates, their genomes and metadata are publicly available, facilitating research by others (www.hibc.rwth-aachen.de).

Biofluorescence is widespread in fishes. Here, the authors compile data on biofluorescence presence across teleost fishes and demonstrate that it may have originally evolved in eels 112 million years ago, but evolved numerous other times as well, often in association with coral reefs.

This article presents a workflow for image-guided MALDI MS characterization of peptide and lipid content in single organelles.

In social insects, the relative roles of individual immunity and social immunity in fighting pathogens remain unclear. Here the authors show that an ant’s individual immune pathways provide specialized protection against bacterial but not fungal infections, while social immunity protects against pathogenic fungi but not bacteria.

Single-stranded RNA is enzymatically synthesized without use of a template strand.

Organic films containing unsaturated lipids are widespread, but their oxidation pathways remain poorly explored under indoor environmental conditions. Here, the authors demonstrate that UVA radiation and radical exposure drive rapid autoxidation of thin films of methyl linolenate and canola oil, primarily producing organic hydroperoxides. This autoxidation chemistry occurs under dark indoor conditions.

The mechanisms of neurovascular adaptations underlying stress resilience remain unclear. Here the authors show that the astrocytic endocannabinoid system modulates the blood–brain barrier changes during stress in adult mice.

EDI048 is a gastrointestinal-targeted Cryptosporidium PI(4)K inhibitor that undergoes a predictable metabolism and limits systemic exposure without compromising its anti-parasitic activity.

Betaglycan is a co-receptor for selective TGF-β family ligands. Here, the authors solve its structure in complex with TGF-β and the signaling receptors, which explains its ligand selectivity and reveals its mechanism in potentiating TGF-β signaling.

Tripotential intermediate progenitor cells are responsible for the local production of GABAergic neurons, oligodendrocyte precursor cells and astrocytes in the human neocortex.

Severe sepsis has a high mortality rate. Here, the authors provide genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic data across four sepsis-causing pathogens and identify a signature of global increase in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis as well as cholesterol acquisition.

The S-methyltransferase enzyme MddH produces DMS from hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol and its gene abundance rivals that of other known genes whose products generate DMS in marine environments.

Here the authors identify TNIP1 as a risk factor for a fatal neurodegenerative disorder and discover specific genetic loci associated with the three main subtypes of this disorder. The findings highlight distinct disease mechanisms, emphasizing the roles of immunity and the notch signaling pathway.

A polished and reinforced thinned-skull procedure is used to create a large, chronically stable window in the skull that allows repeated imaging of cortical structures as well as optically guided physiological manipulation. It is proposed as an alternative to the craniotomy and current thinned-skull methods.

Live cells and tissues are imaged over long time periods using a fast, non-toxic click chemistry.

Brain-inspired neuromorphic algorithms and systems have shown essential advance in efficiency and capabilities of AI applications. In this Perspective, the authors introduce NeuroBench, a benchmark framework for neuromorphic approaches, collaboratively designed by researchers across industry and academia.

Methyl-phos switches on histones have been shown to regulate reader protein displacement from chromatin. However, in this study the authors find that H3T3ph is not required to remove transcription factors from H3K4me3 in mitosis. This might help to preserve promoter properties during cell division.

The lungs are a common metastatic site for several cancers, including colorectal cancer, primary lung cancer, breast cancer and prostate cancer. This Primer summarizes the epidemiology, mechanisms and diagnosis of lung metastasis, discusses the various treatment options and effects on quality of life, and highlights ongoing and future research areas.

Electrospray deposition is a promising technique for depositing functional coatings at the micro-/nano-scale. Here, the authors establish the necessary conditions for high efficiency electrospray deposition of small targets, establishing promise as an alternative to other conformal coating methods.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.