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A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

Ionizing radiation and chemotherapy deplete haematopoietic stem cells and damage the vascular niche. Here the authors show that irradiation induces SEMA3A secretion from bone marrow endothelial cells (ECs), inducing EC apoptosis via NRP1 and that NRP1 inhibition promotes vascular regeneration and R spondin 2 dependent hematopoietic regeneration.

This study shows that cancer stem cell in breast tumours have lower levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than the rest of the tumour cells. This property renders cancer stem cells less sensitive to radiation therapy, which may cause radioresistance in breast cancer.

An extensive phylogenomics study based on hundreds of genomes and transcriptomes provides a new interpretation of the evolution of different types of symbiotic associations in land plants, and reveals a conserved ancestral symbiosis pathway.

China contributed about half of the global carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) emissions during 2011–2021, according to long-term atmospheric observations from China.

Parametric phase-locked oscillators were first developed in the 1950s as a way of electrically storing and controlling information. Lin et al.now show that a modern version of this concept using superconducting circuits enables high-fidelity, single-shot and non-destructive measurement of a qubit.

In situ methods for water quality monitoring is crucial for global water use and management, though many conventional sensors have slow response time and are non-recyclable. Here, the authors report a recyclable amphiphobic dielectric material for fast monitoring of water pollutants.

Identifying an immunologic marker as a correlate of protection (CoP) for RSV vaccination is important. Here, the authors demonstrate RSV neutralizing antibodies and RSV prefusion IgG binding antibodies as CoP for mRNA vaccination against RSV disease.

STAARpipeline is a comprehensive framework for flexible and scalable rare-variant association analysis using whole-genome sequencing data and annotation information.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

Das et al. show that the correct editing activity of the methionyl tRNA synthetase, regulated by AIMP3, is required to prevent the accumulation of homocysteine and the resulting cardiomyocyte cell death and cardiac dysfunction.

A microfluidic setup for nanoliter-volume perfused clonal culture and imaging of thousands of nonadherent cells is applied to study signaling and proliferation in hematopoietic stem cells.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The surface code is a keystone in quantum error correction, but it does not generally perform well against structured noise and suffers from large overheads. Here, the authors demonstrate that a variant of it has better performance and requires fewer resources, without additional hardware demands.

This study establishes how aperiodic activity, a ubiquitous signal linked to neural noise, develops in localized brain regions and illuminates the development of prefrontal control during adolescence in the development of attention and memory.

A genome-wide association study identifies 17 genetic loci that are associated with the risk of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), and shows that the modulation of haematopoietic stem cell function drives MPN risk.

FlyWire presents a neuronal wiring diagram of the whole fly brain with annotations for cell types, classes, nerves, hemilineages and predicted neurotransmitters, with data products and an open ecosystem to facilitate exploration and browsing.

The contribution of endothelial progenitor cells to tumor angiogenesis is controversial. Here, the authors trace the lineage differentiation of endovascular progenitor cells and demonstrate their functional importance in tumor vascularization and progression.

Eye2Gene’s next-generation phenotyping of multimodal images increases diagnostic yield for inherited retinal diseases by improving screening, phenotype-driven variant prioritization and automatic similarity matching in phenotypic space to drive gene discovery.

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase 1 releases T cells from immunosuppression by platelet-derived thromboxane A₂, thereby enhancing the immune response against metastasis.

The proton shuttle plays a critical role in the proton transfer process during lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis. Here, the authors establish the structure-activity relationship and design principles for effective proton shuttles.

A temperature-controlled vacuum quenching method enables the fabrication of perovskite solar modules with a power conversion efficiency of 22.69% and an area of 11.7 cm², while the corresponding cells maintain over 93% of their initial efficiency after 3,500 h of operation.

How endothelial to mesenchymal transition is regulated in endovascular progenitors is unclear. Here, the authors show that blocking Sox9 expression in murine endovascular progenitors regulates this transition on skin wounding, affecting the size of scarring, with changes in Rbpj having the opposite effect.

Analysis of genomic and clinical features of acute erythroid leukemia in comparison to other myeloid disorders supports its distinct classification, defines subgroups and suggests therapeutic vulnerabilities.

The authors present SVclone, a computational method for inferring the cancer cell fraction of structural variants from whole-genome sequencing data.

KAT6A and KAT6A are epigenetic regulators with critical functions in embryonic development. Mutations in either KAT6A or KAT6B result in distinct congenital disorders in human patients. Surprisingly, overexpression of KAT6B can rescue loss of KAT6A.

Impaired mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation (mtLCFAO) in type 2 alveolar epithelial (AT2) cells is thought to aggravate alveolar inflammation in acute lung injury. Here, the authors show that the mtLCFAO rate limiting enzyme CPT1a is decreased in AT2 cells in acute respiratory distress syndrome, highlighting the role of mtLCFAO in immunometabolism in this context.

Nitrogen deposition can increase plant biomass and reduce plant diversity, but herbivores are predicted to offset these effects by increasing consumption. Here, the authors demonstrate that added nitrogen can disrupt top-down control by herbivores, reducing herbivore abundance and increasing plant biomass and community dominance.

Aged hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are characterised by reduced regenerative potential and a loss of quiescence. Here, the authors show nicotinamide riboside treatment shrinks the age-enlarged stem cell pool and shifts aged HSC functionally, metabolically and molecularly towards the young state.

Outer hair cell electromotility, driven by prestin, is essential for mammalian cochlear amplification. Here, the authors report the cryo-EM structures of thermostabilized prestin in the presence of various anions, providing insight into the mechanisms of mammalian cochlear amplification.

Belz and colleagues show that the enteric neuron-derived neuropeptide VIP signals though its receptor VIPR on ILC3s to regulate the cyclic production of IL-22 in response to food intake.

In most van der Waals ferromagnets, reducing the number of layers reduces the Curie temperature. Here, Chuang et al., find that Cr₂Se₃ has an increased Curie temperature for thinner samples, and through angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy they attribute this to differences in the valley carrier density in different thickness samples.

A highly scalable approach is used to generate 3,000 genome-wide maps of transcription factor binding in ten flowering plants, along with multi-species single-nucleus RNA-seq atlases. Together, the results reveal both ancient regulation and key regulatory adaptations.

Physiological modelling of first-pass metabolism using data from a robotic instrument that fluidically links relevant organ chips predicts human pharmacokinetic parameters for orally administered nicotine and for intravenously injected cisplatin.

Amino acid changes in the envelope and non-structural 2A protein attenuate the virulent yellow fever virus (YFV) and enhance host antiviral responses upon infection in vivo. These traits explain the potency of the YFV vaccine.

Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome that is associated with anemia. Here, the authors examine the role of Nemo-like kinase (NLK) in erythroid cells in the pathogenesis of DBA and as a potential target for therapy.

The authors use nitrogen-vacancy centre magnetometry to explore layer number and magnetic field evolution of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic domains in the A-type antiferromagnet CrPS₄.