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An intragenic open chromatin region in human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 functions as a transcriptional silencer and regulates transcriptional burst by recruiting the host transcription factor RUNX.

Using more than 100 independent iPSC lines derived from patients with Alzheimer’s disease, the authors discovered loci associated with the neuronal production of amyloid β and confirmed their influence using RNA interference.

The XRISM Resolve spectrum of the galactic neutron star X-ray binary, GX 13+1, reveals one of the densest winds ever seen in absorption lines.

This study shows that the preferential use of gluconeogenic pathways in the liver depends on exercise load.

Isolates of authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants BA.1 and BA.2 exhibit similar infectivity and pathogenicity and show susceptibility to neutralizing therapeutic antibodies and antiviral compounds in mouse and hamster models.

A single-cell multiomic immune cell atlas from 235 Japanese, including patients with COVID-19 and healthy individuals, linked with host genetics including germline and somatic mutation, plasma proteomics and metagenomics data reveals that immune cells are dynamically regulated in a cell state-dependent manner.

Stretchable electronics enables applications on arbitrary curved surfaces or on movable parts to be made. Based on a new technique for printing with carbon nanotube pastes, stretchable active matrix displays containing integrated electronic circuits are now realized.

Authors present results from a national surveillance in Japan that found MRSA strains causing bloodstream infections are predominantly from three clonal lineages. They also identified the emergence of highest 30-day-mortality MRSA clone ST764-SCCmecII and traced its evolutionary path.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration and multiple system atrophy are characterized pathologically by deposition of specific proteins in the brain. This article reviews the latest advances in the development of PET radiotracers for neurodegenerative proteinopathies and highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of this technology.

Lysosomal function depends upon calcium homeostasis. Here, using a novel sensor for perilysosomal pH and lysosomal proton efflux, Chen et al. identify lysosomal TMEM165 as a mediator of the calcium-activated lysosomal proton leak.

A genome-wide association study highlights a variant in DOCK2, which is common in East Asian populations but rare in Europeans, as a host genetic risk factor for severe COVID-19.

Analysis of the blood DNA virome in patients with COVID-19 and autoimmune disease associates endogenous HHV-6 (eHHV-6) and high anellovirus load with increased disease risk, most notably for systemic lupus erythematosus. eHHV-6 carriers show a distinct immune response.

Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1) is a matricellular protein highly expressed in inflammatory processes, including cancer. Here the authors show that bone-marrow derived monocyte-like cells are the primary source of THBS1 in colorectal cancer, associated with mesenchymal characteristics, immunosuppression and a poor prognosis.

Effective antivirals are critical for combatting SARS-CoV-2 infections. Here, the authors develop two orally available small molecules, which specifically inhibit the activity of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and potently block the infectivity and replication of various SARS-CoV-2 strains in cells and mice.

Genetic mechanisms influencing COVID-19 susceptibility are not well understood. Here, the authors analyzed whole blood RNA-seq data of 465 Japanese individuals with COVID-19, highlighting thousands of fine-mapped variants affecting expression and splicing of genes, as well as the presence of COVID-19 severity-interaction eQTLs.

Although photoinduced concerted multiple-bond-rotation processes are known in photoactive biological systems, the synthesis of compounds exhibiting similar behaviour has proven challenging. Now a thioamide-based system featuring chalcogen substituents has been shown to exhibit photoinduced C–N/C–C rotation; the rotation mode can be switched depending on external stimuli such as temperature and light irradiation.

Translocation of (6;8)(p21;q24), a recurrent abnormality of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm, involves adjacent MYC and RUNX2 regions. Here, the authors show that the RUNX2 super-enhancer is hijacked to activate MYC in addition to RUNX2 expression, promoting the development of this cancer.

Observations of a luminous quasar from the high-resolution spectrometer Resolve aboard XRISM revealed highly inhomogeneous wind structure outflowing from a supermassive black hole, which probably consists of up to a million clumps.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The common marmoset is an attractive candidate for transgenic modification, and has potential as a non-human primate animal model in biomedical research. Here, for the first time in non-human primates, an integrated transgene is transmitted through the germ line to the offspring, in which it continues to be expressed.

One of a pair of papers separately showing that an unconventional myosin directs handedness of the viscera of Drosophila.

Protein-lipid interactions can be systematically analyzed using a quantitative, multiplexed liposome microarray–based assay (LiMA).

The transcription factor Sox9 together with its co-regulators promotes chondrocyte differentiation. Here Hata et al.find that Arid5b acts as a transcriptional co-regulator of Sox9 by regulating histone demethylation of Sox9 target genes during chondrogenesis in mice.

Enzymatic Diels–Alder reactions are of high synthetic interest, but mechanistic insights remain scarce. Now, a structure of the Diels–Alderase CghA in complex with its product is reported, a catalytic mechanism proposed and the enzyme is engineered to form the energetically disfavoured exo adduct.

In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MexAB–OprM plays a central role in multidrug resistance by ejecting various drug compounds. Here the authors present the structure of wild-type MexAB–OprM in the presence or absence of drugs and propose mechanisms for complex formation and drug efflux.

X-ray spectroscopic observations of the Centaurus galaxy cluster with the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission satellite show that the hot gas flows along the line of sight relative to the central galaxy.

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 73 Japanese patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 75 healthy controls were analyzed using single-cell transcriptomics. Combining these data with genotyping data highlights the interplay between host genetics and the immune response in modulating disease severity.

Okazaki and colleagues develop and characterize monoclonal antibodies that co-opt T cell PD-1 activity. These antibodies can be used to ameliorate experimental autoimmune disease.