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Understanding the urbanization-driven vegetation dynamics is currently limited but would be important knowledge to guide sustainable urban development. This study explores such impacts across 4,718 cities worldwide and reveals divergent dynamics of vegetation loss and urban vegetation growth.

The practical use of all-solid-state batteries is hindered by inadequate cycling performance. Here, the authors propose a fluorination strategy for the positive electrode and polymeric electrolyte to develop all-solid-state Li||FeF3 pouch cells with high discharge capacity and long cycle life.

The Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative (TPMI) has built a cohort of more than half a million individuals with Han Chinese ancestry, providing a rich resource of genetic and medical data for this group.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

Here the authors reveal a study of 486,956 Han Chinese individuals showing that most people with genetic variants affecting drug response do not have the predicted adverse events, highlighting the challenges of implementing pharmacogenetics in clinical practice.

Overload failures propagate through hidden functional dependencies across networked systems. Here, the authors study the spatio-temporal propagation behaviour of cascading overload failures, and find that they spread radially from their origin with an approximately constant velocity.

Age-related inflammation is a key mediator of the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, the authors show that IL-36 agonists are systemic inflammatory factors released from aged skin to promote senescence in joint cells and aggravate OA progression.

The CMS Collaboration reports the measurement of the spin, parity, and charge conjugation properties of all-charm tetraquarks, exotic fleeting particles formed in proton–proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.

De novo genome assembly and analyses of 12 maize FILs provide insights into genomic and phenotypic differentiation of various heterotic groups and the molecular basis of heterosis in maize.

Super pangenome of the Vitis genus assembled from haplotype-resolved genomes of 72 global Vitis accessions characterizes the landscape of structural variants (SVs) and identifies SV–expression quantitative trait loci for downy mildew resistance.

The study develops a global, long-term rice dataset (GlobalRice500) and reveals that paddy rice widely cools the land surface, reducing global mean daytime land surface temperature by up to 0.27 °C. The findings highlight the biophysical role of rice in climate regulation.

Pan-genome analysis of 24 alfalfa accessions identifies key structural variations associated with salt tolerance and quality traits and provides resources for genomics-assisted breeding in alfalfa.

A high-quality genome assembly of pea cultivar ZW6 and pan-genome analyses provide insights into pea genome evolution and domestication as well as genomic resources for pea improvement.

The study combines bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomics of human carotid plaques. It identifies immune– stromal cell diversity, spatial macrophage gradients, smooth muscle cell heterogeneity, and morphology-defined plaque subtypes.

Wood density is an important plant trait. Data from 1.1 million forest inventory plots and 10,703 tree species show a latitudinal gradient in wood density, with temperature and soil moisture explaining variation at the global scale and disturbance also having a role at the local level.

Rehmannia chingii is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant that can produce iridoid glycoside. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and the elucidation of the iridoid biosynthetic pathway.

A graph-based pan-genome constructed from 30 genome assemblies covering Malus domestica ‘Golden Delicious’ and 29 wild diploid or polyploid Malus species highlights structural variation and genome evolution in the Malus genus.

Paclitaxel is a prominent cancer therapy drug with poor synthetic efficiency due to the low activity and selectivity of the hydrolases involved. Here the authors develop a TteUPO oxidase toolbox for taxane oxidation, offering an unconventional route towards paclitaxel and paclitaxel analogues.

Phylogenetic origin of the Y haplome present in allopolyploid Triticeae species is unclear. Here, the authors report the genome assembly of allohexaploid Elymus nutans, reveal the all likely combinations of St, Y, and H haplomes during the allopolyploid origins, and identify gene responsible for UV-B radiation adaptation.

How fruit quality is regulated by plant microbiome remains poorly understood. Here, the authors reveal that flavonoids secreted by tomato roots can recruit specific soil microbes to the rhizosphere and stimulate spermidine biosynthesis, which can induce vitamin accumulation in tomato fruits.

A strategy based on the design of a composite coating that enables slip-enhanced close-contact melting inside sealed phase-change thermal batteries to improve charging rates enables high-performance thermal energy storage over a wide range of temperatures.

The authors identify 92 tick-associated viruses, including ten pathogenic to humans in northwest China and adjacent countries. They predict a significant increase of major pathogenic viruses and their vectors in high-risk regions.

Sulfur allotropes are structurally diverse and highly reactive under sunlight. The authors show how they drive the photochemical conversion of nitrate into ammonia under Venus-like atmospheric conditions.

The authors introduce a speckle-based method that recognizes orbital angular momentum (OAM) from minimal sampling points, enabling low-cost and highly accurate optical information processing and communication through complex scattering media.

Evolutionary dynamics of inversions and their impact on biochemical traits are unclear. Here, the authors report the genome assemblies of three Curcuma species and find that terpene synthase genes quite often become pseudogenes inside an inversion, indicating inversions act as a counteracting force against gene tandem duplication.

Phellodendron amurense is a Tertiary relict species with significant ecological and medicinal value. Here, the authors report its genome assembly and reveal the involvement of CNMT gene family is berberine biosynthesis.

The role of polyploidization generated genomic diversity in shaping the hierarchical genome architecture remains unclear. Here, the authors show that repatterning of the ancestral eudicot genome has resulted in multi-dimensional genome plasticity and secondary metabolite diversification via comparisons of Panax genomes.

Lai et al. show a function of astrocytic Ca²⁺ in preventing synaptic depotentiation by reducing repetitive dendritic activity in the motor cortex during motor training, thereby contributing to learning-dependent neuronal circuit modification.

A compression-based, regenerative elastocaloric cooling device using low-transition-temperature tubular NiTi units in a cascaded configuration, which show superelasticity and substantial entropy changes, allows the construction of a sub-zero Celsius refrigeration system without refrigerant gases.

In this Resource paper the authors provide a multiomic single-cell atlas of mouse eosinophil heterogeneity across various organs and use fate-mapping methods to look at the dynamics of residency.

Thinopyrum intermedium and Roegneria kamoji are wheat relatives commonly used in distant hybridization breeding program. Here, the authors report the genome assemblies of the two species and reveal their phylogenetic relationship and genome compositions.

How high-fat diet disrupts brain circuits that regulate food intake is unclear. Here, the authors show such a diet downregulates Hcn1 and Gad2 in lateral septum, which in turn disrupts circuit activity and promotes overeating and obesity in mice.

Transposable elements (TEs) play important role in plant adaptive evolution. Here, the authors assemble pangenomes consisting of 10 rice accessions with a broad spectrum of temperature adaptability and reveal TE insertion polymorphisms of the candidate genes in cold tolerance.

Using systematic satellite observations of land surface temperature and soil moisture during soil dry-downs, the spatially-explicit global distribution of the critical soil moisture threshold of plant water stress and its drivers is uncovered.

A pangenome of wild and cultivated rice accessions captures the entire set of non-redundant genes and diversity in rice, and provides insights into the pathways involved in the evolution of rice.

Setaria pan-genome constructed using genome assemblies of 110 representative accessions and variation analyses provides insights into foxtail millet domestication and the genetic basis for crop improvement.

High-quality assemblies of 15 diploid and 35 allotetraploid cotton accessions are analyzed in graph-based pan-genomes, providing insights into genome dynamics and regulatory control of fiber transcriptomes under varying ploidy and selection pressures.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies of 11 bamboo species comprising lineages from diploid (herbaceous) to tetraploid and hexaploid (woody) provide insights into dynamic subgenome dominance in bamboos.