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This study develops a barcoding method that uses machine learning models and low-coverage genome sequences for species identification across all domains of life.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Liver transplantation can be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, however, outcomes can be variable. Here, the authors use multi-omics to develop subgroups and identify a CAF-related classification.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

The toolbox of artificial fluorescent proteins can be expanded by engineering mimics of the molecular rotor-based fluorophore found in the green fluorescent protein (GFP) into diverse protein scaffolds. Now, by genetically encoding mimics of the GFP fluorophore, any protein of interest can be modified to fluoresce either under select circumstances or always (when folded).

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of major depression identifies new risk loci, assesses the transferability of risk loci across ancestry groups, and improves fine-mapping resolution and prioritization of candidate effector genes.

Developing efficient catalysts for artificial photosynthesis brings promise but challenges for limited light absorption and sluggish H₂O oxidation. Here, the authors report an indium-organic framework heterostructure that facilitates the conversion of CO₂ and H₂O into HCOOH and H₂O₂ under sunlight.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Ductal lavage represents a treatment option for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Here, the authors report the results of a randomized clinical trial, indicating that ductal lavage followed by observation is non-inferior to oral corticosteroids

Ground subsidence partially compromised the flood protection capacity of rivers and damaged the flood control dam resulting in a 28% increase in flood risk and secondary flooding disaster in the Liaohe plain, China in 2022, according to a retrospective analysis of the disaster event and its impacts.

There is a need to understand how nanomaterials interact with biological systems. Here, the authors report the surface chemistry of graphene oxide nanosheets (GOs) influences the structure of low-density lipoprotein and changes lipid metabolism pathways including LDL recognition, uptake, hydrolysis, efflux, and lipid droplet formation.

Thrombosis and inflammation coexist in many diseases, however, there is lack of treatments targeting both pathologies. This study reports a novel antibody against blood factor XII, which bears a promise to treat broad thrombo-inflammatory disorder.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is often diagnosed at a late stage which limits treatment efficacy. Here, the authors utilise proteomics to identify serum proteomic biomarkers for early diagnosis, and validate using a prospective validation cohort.

The neural mechanisms responsible for cold defense regulation are still unclear. Here, authors show parallel thermogenic pathways from the brain stem to the hypothalamus work together to enable resilience to cold temperature exposure and hypothermia.

A new phylogenomic tree for butterflies is constructed using 391 genes from 2,300 species, representing 92% of genera. It suggests that butterflies originated around 100 million years ago in what is now the Americas and originally fed on Fabaceae.

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has substantial impacts on the global climate. This Review outlines ENSO relationships with Africa, outlining their dynamics, impacts on precipitation and projected changes in the future.

Understanding the in vivo biotransformation of nanomaterials used for biomedical applications might shed light on their long-term effects and safety. Here the authors show that molybdenum derived from nanomaterials is mainly transported in the liver, in a corona-mediated process, and is incorporated in molybdoenzymes, with an effect on liver metabolism.

Blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and more than 200 genetic loci associated with BP are known. Here, the authors perform discovery GWAS for BP in East Asians and meta-analysis in East Asians and Europeans and report ancestry-specific BP SNPs and selection signals.

Achieving high pure formic acid production from CO₂ electroconversion is of high interest yet challenging. Here the authors report vitamin C functionalized Bi₃S₂ nanowire catalyst to achieve selective, active, and stable formic acid production.

REV7 has emerged as a critical regulator of DNA double-strand breaks repair. Here, the authors show that REV7 is crucial for both antibody class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation in activated B cells, in addition to their survival upon AID-deamination.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association study data from 77,418 individuals of East Asian ancestry with type 2 diabetes identifies novel variants associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

Evolution of accretion disk and corona during outbursts in black hole binary systems is still unclear. Here, the authors show spectral analysis of MAXI J1820+070 and propose a scenario of a dynamical corona to explain the evolution of the reflection fraction observed by Insight-HXMT.

Ning Li and colleagues report the whole-genome sequence of the duck, Anas platyrhynchos, a natural host of avian influenza viruses. They examine host response to infection by comparing the lung transcriptomes of ducks that were infected with influenza A viruses.

Single-cell RNA sequencing and weighted gene co-expression network analysis are used to study transcriptome change in pre-implantation embryos and oocytes; this reveals a conserved genetic program between human and mouse but with different developmental specificity and timing, and conserved hub genes that may be key in pre-implantation development.

The Human BioMolecular Atlas Program (HuBMAP) presents its production phase: the generation of spatial maps of functional tissue units across organs from diverse populations and the creation of tools and infrastructure to advance biomedical research.

Huai-Dong Song and colleagues report results of a genome-wide association study of Graves' disease. They confirm four previously reported risk loci for this disease and identify two new susceptibility loci at 4p14 and 6q27.