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Patients with gastric cancer often present with poor performance status, limiting both quality of life but also treatment options as they are often excluded from clinical trials. Here, the authors report a phase II trial investigating anlotinib (multi-TKI) plus toripalimab (anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody) in treatment-naïve advanced gastric cancer patients with performance status 2.

The authors report that iron binds to and stabilizes the iron sensor BRUTUS A (BTSa), which monoubiquitinates the pro-nodulation transcription factor NSP1a to increase its stability and transcriptional activity, thereby regulating nodulation in legumes.

Circular RNA aptamers dampen Alzheimer disease phenotypes in mouse models

Understanding the mutation landscape of cancer may enable the development of more targeted therapies. Here, the authors sequence a panel of genes in a large Asian cohort and compare to American cohorts and find 64% of the Asian patients have actionable mutations.

Using single-molecule tracking and spatiotemporal mapping, Ling et al. show that the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II facilitates its dynamic confinement in subnuclear regions enriched in active genes, where it promotes targeted transcription.

This study identifies FABP4 as driver of postmenopausal osteoporosis and shows that targeting FABP4 with a small-molecule inhibitor or bone-targeted nanoparticles can reduce bone loss and offers a potential new treatment approach.

Controlling magnetization orientation and assembling high-coercivity micro-magnets at the microscale has been challenging due to harsh operational requirements and limited spatial precision. The authors present a stretchable linear magnet with programmable magnetization enabled by laser-activated phase-change microcells, achieving efficient and reversible reorientation under mild conditions.

The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates a variety of physiological processes in plants. A molecule involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis, the H-subunit of Mg-chelatase functions as an ABA receptor. This interaction controls seed germination and stomatal movement.

A variant in the IFITM3gene increases the risk of severe influenza, but homozygosity is rare in Caucasians. The authors show that the variant gene is homozygous in 25% of healthy Chinese people, and 69% of those with severe pandemic influenza, suggesting that this gene influences the epidemiology of influenza in South-East Asia.

A deep learning algorithm shows promising performance in predicting progression to diabetic retinopathy in patients, up to 5 years in advance, potentially providing support for medical treatment decisions and indications for personalized screening frequency in a real-world cohort.

The exploitation of the properties of graphene, such as mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, in deformable macroscopic materials is desirable. Here, a combination of graphene chemistry and ice physics is used to fabricate biomimetic, ultralight and superelastic graphene cellular monoliths.

The authors provide a comprehensive characterization of the human antibody response to a licensed hepatitis E virus (HEV) vaccine, Hecolin, in four individuals over the course of six months post vaccination. They demonstrate diverse patterns of antibody response underlying the vaccine protection.

Wavelength tuning of a light emitting diode (LED) by an external electrical bias would benefit display technologies. Here, Wang et al. demonstrate wavelength-tuning from blue to the near-infrared in an all-graphene-based field effect LED by gate modulation

Glycosylated asparagine residues that mediate the function of the B7H3 protein are unclear. Here the authors identify the important N-glycosylation sites for B7H3 cell surface localization and T cell inhibition, followed by the development of N91/309 and N104/322 preferentially targeting monoclonal antibody manifesting enhanced antitumor immunity.

Socioeconomic status is multidimensional and can change over time. Xu, Lui, Ji et al. found dimension-specific, late-stage-specific and change-specific socioeconomic effects on brain, cognition, personality and emotion.

Genetic studies of Chinese individuals have been performed, but mostly with short read sequencing, limiting the types of variants that can be identified. Here, the authors perform long read sequencing of 945 han Chinese individuals, finding structural variants under natural selection and those associated with human traits and evolutionary history.

As a major source of reactive oxygen species, mitochondria face a challenge to maintain their redox state. Here the authors show that ROMO1 overexpression prevents deleterious oxidation of the mitochondrial cysteinome and exerts beneficial effects on mitochondrial function.

The efficiency of nonlinear optical processes in 2D materials is often reduced by weak light-matter interactions and crystal symmetry constraints. Here, the authors report the enhancement of classical second-harmonic generation in hexagonal boron nitride and quantum spontaneous parametric down-conversion in NbOCl₂ flakes by combining them with Au or SiO₂/Au substrates.

Dendrimers are precisely structured macromolecules with unique architectural symmetry and multivalency, offering a promising solution to the delivery challenges of nucleic acid therapeutics. Here, we explore recent advances in dendrimer design that enable targeted delivery to hard-to-transfect cells and difficult-to-reach tissues.

A Stereo-seq and scRNA-seq atlas of mouse liver in homeostasis and regeneration after partial hepatectomy identifies zonated genes, pathways, cell–cell interactions and gene regulatory networks. Functional validation finds that cooperation between TBL1XR1 and β-catenin activates hepatocyte proliferation.

Bacteria can form wall-deficient variants, or L-forms, that divide by a simple mechanism that does not require the FtsZ-based cell division machinery. Here, Wu et al. study L-forms in microfluidic systems to show the importance of geometric effects for cell growth, chromosome segregation and cell division.

In this study, authors conduct a genomic analysis of 15,000 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, revealing a dominant multidrug-resistant super-lineage (accounting for approximately 70% global isolates), with Clade 2.5.6 emerging in East Asia in 2006.

Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase-phosphorylated adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) binds to Beclin1 upon lipid deprivation. ADSL-produced fumarate increases Beclin1 K117 dimethylation by inhibiting lysine demethylase 8 activity, resulting in disrupted binding of BCL-2 to Beclin1, enhanced autophagy and liver tumor growth.

NCOMMS−24−25010C Penetrating orocutaneous or oropharyngeal fistulas (POFs) are hard to treat, due to tissue deficiency, saliva contamination, and dynamic oral conditions. Here, the authors report a Janus hydrogel adhesive that prompts POF wound healing by seamless plugging of the penetrating wound, protecting it from mechanical stimuli and bacterial infection, and creating a pro-healing microenvironment.

The evolution and phylogenetic placement of gnetophytes have remained elusive. The draft genome for a gnetophyte, Gnetum montanum, is now reported. Comparative analyses identify genomic features distinguishing gnetophytes from other gymnosperms.

The death of massive stars has traditionally been discovered by explosive events in the gamma-ray band. Liu et al. show that the sensitive wide-field monitor on board Einstein Probe can reveal a weak soft-X-ray signal much earlier than gamma rays.

Hybrid necrosis in wheat is caused by the complementary genes Ne1 and Ne2. The underlying mechanism remains enigmatic. Here, Si et al. demonstrated that a genetic interaction between the α/β hydrolase (Ne1) and the NLR immune receptor (Ne2) triggers autoimmune responses, inducing hybrid necrosis.

Problems at inferior metal plating/stripping and low voltage hinder the development of Zn batteries. Here, authors propose a nonflammable ternary solid-state eutectic electrolyte via solvation regulation, contributing to deep-reversible Zn plating/stripping and voltage increase of full batteries.

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) hold promise for a range of medical applications. Here, the authors use MLLMs for 3D brain CT radiology report generation, demonstrating that combining anatomy-aware model fine-tuning with robust evaluation metrics establishes a comprehensive and effective framework.

Cerebrospinal fluid circulating tumor DNA profiling had prognostic value in a cohort of 584 patients with lung cancer and central nervous system metastases, and could be used to inform personalized therapies.

Pseudotyping messenger RNA-packaging virus-like particles with a glycoprotein recognizing a surface protein on dendritic cells led to higher humoral and adaptive immune responses in mice.

A ferroelectric tunnel junction that uses copper indium thiophosphate as the ferroelectric barrier, and graphene and chromium as asymmetric contacts, can offer a high resistance ratio between on and off states.

Hsu, Wang, Manne et al. identify ALDH4A1 as a component of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier complex, which plays a non-canonical role in regulating pyruvate homeostasis in mitochondria, TCA cycle entry and tumour suppression.

Electrocardiogram is crucial for cardiovascular disease prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Here, the authors present a motion-unrestricted dynamic electrocardiogram system utilizing skin-conformal, imperceptible electronics for long-term, comfortable, and accurate 12-lead monitoring.

The mechanism of lipoprotein sorting to the bacterial cell surface is still unclear. Here, authors determine the crystal structures of paLptDE-LptM and apo-paLptDE, providing insights into how SLPs are transported to the cell surface via LptDE.

Adult human hearts exhibit restricted regenerative ability, where cardiomyocyte loss leads to dysfunction, while neonatal hearts can regenerate, though the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, the authors show that N-cadherin plays a crucial role in driving cardiomyocyte self-renewal by stabilizing β-catenin, representing a unique opportunity to promote cardiac regeneration and restore contractile function in the injured adult heart

Sustainable phosphorus (P) management is central to food security and a healthy environment. This study quantifies the impacts of crop–livestock production on P use and losses at the sub-basin scale in China and evaluates the exceedance of a ‘safe’ and ‘just’ P planetary boundary.

Modeling neurodevelopmental trajectories in a pediatric cohort reveals accelerated decrease in correlation between brain structural and functional connectivity in children exposed to high levels of prenatal adversity.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Adrenal activity is crucial for glucose release during stress, yet whether it is necessary for rapid glucose release remains unknown. Here, we show that adrenal independent hypothalamussympathetic-liver axis mediated fast glucose release, which is required for predatory evoked flight response.

Hepatitis B infection is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, the authors characterise viral infection in a cohort of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and find viral integration is more frequent in males than females.