Search

Monocytes derived from bone marrow leucocytes are chemically conjugated with a Tau-specific aptamer via bioorthogonal chemistry, enabling systemic delivery across the blood–brain barrier and targeted clearance of extracellular Tau in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models.

This study identifies the compound napabucasin as a promising candidate against refractory Helicobacter pylori infections, demonstrating efficacy compared to standard triple therapy in murine infection models, and probing the mechanism of action.

NiFe-based catalysts are promising for water oxidation in alkaline electrolytes, but their dynamic structure under operation hinders the establishment of design principles for improved catalytic performance. Now a water oxidation mechanism on mixed NiFe hydroxide catalysts is proposed that involves dissolved FeO₄²⁻ species acting as co-catalysts.

The roles of liver-specific genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain to be explored. Here the authors report that PGRMC1, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane, functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC by inhibiting c-Myc protein translation via activation of PERK independent of ER stress.

Caloric restriction promotes healthy aging, but dietary alternatives are needed. Here, the authors show that a high-fiber diet mimics caloric restriction’s benefits in mice, improving metabolism, cognition, and aging markers without reducing food intake.

The formation of directional fibrous tissue bands, typical of liver fibrosis progression, might be induced by the tension of the hepatic stellate cells, as studied with an in vitro microfabricated model.

Chang’E-5 and Chang’E-6 lunar soils show higher δ30Si than lunar basalts, with CE-6 having the highest value, suggesting space weathering produced by micrometeorite impacts alters Si isotopes of lunar soils, with stronger effects on the farside.

Alternative splicing crucially affects various biological processes, however, its function in heart development is largely unknown. Here, the authors show an essential role of alternative splicing factor PTBP1 in ventricular chamber development.

Here, the authors show a causal role for gut bacteria-derived metabolites tryptamine and phenethylamine in contributing to insulin resistance and the development of metabolic syndrome in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and type 2 diabetes.

Materials that are both electrically conducting and transparent to light are vital for optoelectronic devices, but are rare. Here, the authors perform a quantum mechanical search for such materials and identify the compound TaIrGe as an unexpected possibility, which they then synthesize.

Although the gut microbiota has been linked to a wide range of diseases in humans, including type 2 diabetes and obesity, moving from correlation to causation is notoriously difficult. In this Opinion article, Liping Zhao discusses some of the correlations that have been made between the microbiota and obesity to date, and how to move towards causation using the conceptual framework of Koch's postulates.

The formation of secondary organic aerosol in Chinese megacities is dominated by the condensation of anthropogenic organic vapours, according to measurements across three urbanized regions.

The authors observe the emergence of ferroelectricity in Sn-based perovskite [93.3 mol% (FA0.86Cs0.14)SnI3 and 6.7 mol% PEA2SnI4] semiconductor films doped with 2-methylbenzimidazole, ascribing to the hydrogen bond enhancement after imidazole molecular doping.

A method of tracking break-induced replication reveals the details of this repair process and shows that it can be impaired by certain genomic elements and by transcription.

The EAT-Lancet reference diet has been proposed for improving both planetary and human health in 2019. Here, the authors show that higher adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with lower risks of depression, anxiety and their cooccurrence.

Obesity, a surging global health challenge, needs effective and innovative therapeutic models. Here, the authors show in mice a microneedle drug delivery platform loaded with metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and CRISPRa-UCP1 system to enable sono-gene therapy for obesity.

Structural colours are of broad interest in recent years, yet the conventional nanofabrication techniques fail to match the requirement for large-scale manufacturing. Here, the authors demonstrate the use of pulsed lasers to write structural colours with widegamut, high-resolution, high-speed while low-cost manufacturability, long-term stability, and viewing-angle independence.

Optineurin is linked to ALS and glaucoma, but the mechanism is unknown. Here, the authors show that optineurin mutation causes deficits in axonal mitochondria transport and neurodegeneration, enhancing of which achieves axon protection and regeneration.

The consequences for insects of sub-lethal levels of ambient particulate matter pollution exposure have not received much attention. Here, the authors show that accumulation of particulate matter on houseflies severely compromises their olfactory and other key physiological functions.

The oncogenic fusion protein AML1-ETO has the ability of AML1 to interact with DNA but blocks AML1-dependent transcription. Here the authors report that histone lysine methyltransferase EZH1 interacts with AML1-ETO and methylates AML1-ETO at lysine 43, promoting AML1-ETO transcriptional repression in leukemia.

Recently, strategies based on the integration of nanotechnology with microbial carriers have been proposed for cancer therapy. Here the authors report the design of an ultrasound-controlled CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system for IDO1 silencing compounded with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, showing the induction of anti-tumor immune responses in preclinical cancer models.

Ribosome^ST—a ribosome with a specialized nascent polypeptide exit tunnel—cotranslationally regulates the folding of a subset of male germ-cell-specific proteins that are essential for the formation of sperm.

Raj and colleagues show that ERX-41 inhibits lipase-independent functions of LIPA and induces ER stress in different tumor types, providing a therapeutic strategy in PDX models of pancreas, ovarian and triple-negative breast cancer.

Zhang et al. show that in mice, an adipocyte population with high expression of the transcription factor JunB in the brown adipose tissue shows reduced thermogenic capacity. Depletion of JunB increases the fraction of adipocytes with high thermogenic capacity and ameliorates diet-induced insulin resistance.

Single-crystal black phosphorus nanoribbons are grown uniformly on insulating substrates by chemical vapour transport growth with black phosphorus nanoparticles as seeds, demonstrating potential for application in nanoelectronic devices and the exploration of the exotic physics in black phosphorus.

Changes in hair and skin can be the most obvious and earliest signs of aging. The authors report that skin and hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) aging is driven by stress-induced upregulation of miR-31, which targets Clock to activate MAPK/ERK and deplete HFSCs via transepidermal elimination. Blocking the pathway with MAPK/ERK inhibitors protects against skin aging.

Chiral receptors with an endo-functionalized cavity for chiral recognition are of interest in the field of molecular recognition. Here, the authors develop chiral naphthotubes containing a bis-thiourea endo-functionalized cavity to effectively recognize neutral chiral molecules with high enantioselectivity.

The CRISPR–Cas9-mediated generation of germline-transmissible mutations of SHANK3 in cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) forms the basis of a non-human-primate model of autism spectrum disorder and Phelan–McDermid syndrome.

The efficacy of tumour starvation therapy is limited by lack of persistent tumour suppression, tumour metastasis and recurrence. Here, the authors report biocompatible gold nanorods and thermal-sensitive hydrogel to promote narrowing of blood vessels and show this to reduce tumour growth and metastasis.

The Vesta anorthosite meteorite discovery suggests Vesta experienced a lunar magma ocean-like process. Anorthite formed during magma crystallization could have floated to the surface of Vesta, creating a primary anorthositic crust.

A comparison of copper and zinc isotopic measurements between the Ryugu samples and various carbonaceous chondrites excludes any genetic link between the two except for the CI (Ivuna-type) chondrites. Ryugu-like material might have accounted for ~5% of Earth’s mass.

Efferocytosis inhibition leads to the release of immunogenic contents into the tumor microenvironment. Here the authors developed a nanosystem that inhibits MerTK-mediated efferocytosis and captures tumor-associated agents to enhance antitumour immunity.

Actin mediates insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through remodeling. Here, authors report the in situ structure of actin remodeling and quantify changes in architecture, alignment, and interactions during glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.

The number of metal complexes featuring gold-germanium bonds is limited. Here the authors report the preparation of germylene-bridged digold complexes complexes and study their structure, bonding, and reactivity.

Coptis chinensis represents an early-diverging eudicot lineage with diverse medicinal applications. Here, the authors report its chromosome-scale genome assembly, infer a single ancient whole-genome duplication, and characterize the function of CYP719 in diversification of protoberberine-type alkaloids.

China is planning to launch its Tianwen-3 mission, with the purpose of bringing back a sample from Mars, by the end of the decade. This Perspective presents the scientific objectives and architecture of Tianwen-3, including a preliminary selection of landing sites and a description of the Mars Sample Laboratory that will curate the material on Earth.

Calorie restriction has been shown to extend lifespan in diverse model systems, however, the mechanisms underlying this effect remain unclear. Zhang et al.show that calorie restriction changes the structure of the gut microbiota in mice, enriching for phylotypes positively correlated with lifespan.

Auxetic materials—those that expand laterally when stretched—can possess enhanced mechanical properties, including shear modulus, indentation resistance, and fracture toughness. Here the authors show that 1T-type crystalline 2D transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit intrinsic in-plane negative Poisson’s ratios.