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A gene therapy method using AAV can help deliver HIV-fighting antibodies long-term, but the body often rejects them. Here the authors show that a short course of the drug rapamycin helps prevent host anti-drug antibody responses, showing successful antibody delivery in mice and monkeys.

This study reveals how human small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E1 recruits its E2 partner UBC9 and transfers SUMO1 through large structural changes, uncovering key mechanisms that ensure specificity and fidelity in SUMOylation, an essential protein modification pathway.

In this multicentered observational study, Rotavac, an indigenous, monovalent, live, attenuated, oral rotavirus vaccine, had an adjusted vaccine efficacy of 54% and protected against severe gastroenteritis in Indian children during its rollout between 2016 and 2020.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

A combination of mouse model data and data from a randomized phase 2 trial in patients with breast cancer in remission demonstrates feasibility, safety and a reduction in residual tumor cells following treatment with hydroxychloroquine and/or everolimus.

Hosseinzadeh et al. demonstrate use of a publicly accessible automated machine learning platform to differentiate between a common benign tumor and malignant transformation of it within the paranasal sinuses. This AI algorithm beat prior human prediction, and showed that physicians with no coding background can effectively utilize this tool.

The origin of the numerous linear grooves and craters that litter the Martian moon Phobos' surface remains enigmatic. Here, by modelling low-velocity escaping ejecta from impacts to Phobos, the authors show that several of these chains can be explained by reimpacting sesquinary ejecta shortly after ejection.

Geospatial estimates of the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age across 82 low-income and middle-income countries reveals considerable heterogeneity and inequality at national and subnational levels, with few countries on track to meet the WHO Global Nutrition Targets by 2030.

I. Silber et al. discover a two-fold symmetry of the superconducting upper critical field in hexagonal 4Hb-TaS₂ just below T_c, a clear signature of nematic, two-component superconductivity. They further suggest a theoretical model that reconciles the nematic superconductivity with the previously-observed time-reversal-symmetry-breaking in this material.

Systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease study reported that, despite global improvements from 1990 to 2021, dietary iron deficiency-associated disease burden remains high in women, children and residents in low socio-demographic index countries.

The control of different types of magnetic order is central to the study and development of spintronic devices. Here, the authors evidence an exchange-stabilized helix state with a low energy barrier for reversal in a room-temperature antiferromagnetic Heusler material.

Using a battery of statistical tools, Alagöz et al. examine the genetic overlap between dyslexia and rhythm impairment and shed light on how the genome influences the neural bases of human language and musicality.

Cellular cargo transported along actin filaments is faced with a directional choice at an intersection. Here the authors show that myosin Va-bound cargo prefers to go straight through the intersection, and propose a model to explain this by a tug-of-war between motors on the lipid cargo that engage the actin tracks.

Decarbonizing the European ammonia industry: Less stringent emissions caps for electrolytic hydrogen production can significantly reduce costs and land use while still achieving more than 90% reduction in emissions relative to fossil-based hydrogen.

This study identifies genetic polymorphisms in PfRAD5 and PfWD11 as new markers of artemisinin resistance of malaria infections. These represent putative factors of the artemisinin resistance pathophysiological background along several differentially expressed transcripts.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.

The A-cation influence on the mechanism of slow hot carrier cooling in perovskites is controversial. Here, Man et al. resolve a debated issue regarding A-cation influence on the electronic structure of lead halide perovskites.

The RANK–RANKL pathway drives intestinal epithelial expansion in pregnancy and lactation.

Here the authors analyze data from COVAIL trial participants receiving an mRNA second COVID-19 vaccine boost and show that, while neutralizing antibody titer is correlated with Omicron COVID-19 risk, the correlation is weak in naïve individuals compared to previously infected ones.

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SrCu₂(BO₃)₂ realizes the Shastry-Sutherland model (SSM), a 2D frustrated dimer model. Here, via high-magnetic-field inelastic neutron scattering measurements and matrix-product-state calculations, Fogh et al. find evidence for Bose-Einstein condensation of S = 2 two-triplon bound states, which is a spin-nematic phase.

Uba6 is an E1 enzyme that regulates numerous cellular processes by activating ubiquitin and FAT10 pathways. Here, the authors present crystal structures that illuminate Uba6 catalytic mechanisms and reveal inositol hexakisphosphate as a cofactor that modulates Uba6 activity.

An analysis of 24,202 critical cases of COVID-19 identifies potentially druggable targets in inflammatory signalling (JAK1), monocyte–macrophage activation and endothelial permeability (PDE4A), immunometabolism (SLC2A5 and AK5), and host factors required for viral entry and replication (TMPRSS2 and RAB2A).

Glioblastoma is resistant to immune-checkpoint inhibitors. In this study, the authors report the results of an expansion cohort (n = 25) of a randomized testing neoadjuvant plus adjuvant pembrolizumab versus adjuvant pembrolizumab alone in patients with recurrent glioblastoma with resectable tumors.

Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 gains initial entry into the human body is a key step towards the development of prophylaxes and therapeutics for COVID-19. Here, the authors show that ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is abundantly expressed in the motile cilia of the human nasal and respiratory tract and is not affected by the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers.

Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.

Entanglement was observed in top–antitop quark events by the ATLAS experiment produced at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN using a proton–proton collision dataset with a centre-of-mass energy of √s  = 13 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 140 fb⁻¹.

Kellner et al. develop respiratory and intestinal organoids from Rousettus aegyptiacus to show elevated basal expression of interferon-ε (IFNε) and IFN-stimulated genes, along with robust, self-amplifying type III IFN responses that drive antiviral defense against zoonotic RNA viruses.

Fine-scale geospatial mapping of overweight and wasting (two components of the double burden of malnutrition) in 105 LMICs shows that overweight has increased from 5.2% in 2000 to 6.0% in children under 5 in 2017. Although overall wasting decreased over the same period, most countries are not on track to meet the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025.

Although progress in the coverage of routine measles vaccination in children in low- and middle-income countries was made during 2000–2019, many countries remain far from the goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019.

A global network of researchers was formed to investigate the role of human genetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 severity; this paper reports 13 genome-wide significant loci and potentially actionable mechanisms in response to infection.

The CMS Collaboration reports evidence for off-shell Higgs boson contributions in the production of Z boson pairs, and measures the width of the Higgs boson, which is inversely related to its lifetime.