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Alcohol use disorder drives transcriptional and regulatory changes in the caudate nucleus. Here, authors show, using a single-cell multiomic analysis, cell type-specific disruptions of gene expression, chromatin accessibility, and cell communication.

The role of the tumour microenvironment in the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma remains poorly understood. Here, single cell profiling of metastatic melanoma samples identifies associations of the mature dendritic enriched in immunoregulatory molecules subtype with immunotherapy response.

Garnet-type LLZO electrolytes are considered among the most promising solid-state electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries; however, numerous challenges need to be addressed before they are integrated into a cell. By precipitating amorphous zirconium oxide onto grain boundaries, increased ionic conductivity is observed and dendrite growth is suppressed.

The regulatory landscape controlling Hoxd gene expression in tetrapod digit development was probably co-opted from a pre-existing cloacal regulatory mechanism, as evidenced by the effects of genetic deletion experiments in zebrafish fin, cloaca and mouse urogenital development.

Thermal lepton pairs are ideal probes for the temperature of quark-gluon plasma. Here, the STAR Collaboration uses thermal electron-positron pair production to measure quark-gluon plasma average temperature at different stages of the evolution.

An outstanding question about the iron-based superconductors has been whether or not their magnetic characteristics are dominated by itinerant or localized magnetic moments. Absolute measurements and calculations of the magnetic response of undoped and Ni-doped BaFe₂As₂ indicate the latter.

This study reveals how the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus adapts to the lung microenvironment, rich in host metabolites fumarate and itaconate, by using a key enzyme, FumC, to support its metabolic fitness, survival, and persistence.

Decoding the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is key to understanding cell communication. Nikonorova et al. used targeted proximity labeling to uncover polycystin EV cargo and cargo-loading mechanisms in C. elegans.

Polygenic risk scores can help identify individuals at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. Here, the authors characterise a multi-ancestry score across nearly 900,000 people, showing that its predictive value depends on demographic and clinical context and extends to related traits and complications.

Cancer cells rely on NADPH to manage oxidative stress and support biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) ablation suppresses KRAS-driven lung tumours with LKB1 deficiency, but not with P53 deficiency, by impairing NADPH production, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy.

Genome-wide association meta-analyses of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom measures and clinical diagnoses identify new risk loci, highlight putative effector genes and yield improved polygenic risk scores.

Phaeocystales are ecologically significant nanoplankton whose evolutionary history and functional diversity remain incompletely characterized. Here, the authors integrate genomic and transcriptomic data to reveal their lineage diversification, metabolic plasticity, and adaptation to polar and temperate regimes.

Microparticle wear debris from prosthetic implants following patient revision surgery is observed to induce a potent type 2 inflammatory response involving cytokine secretion by macrophages through a Bruton’s tyrosine kinase-dependent signalling pathway.

The quark structure of the f₀(980) hadron is still unknown after 50 years of its discovery. Here, the CMS Collaboration reports a measurement of the elliptic flow of the f₀(980) state in proton-lead collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV, providing strong evidence that the state is an ordinary meson.

Sydnor et al. developed a new tractography atlas of thalamocortical structural connections and applied it to three youth samples. They uncovered coordinated development between thalamic connectivity and hierarchical cortical plasticity in humans.

The Eocene–Oligocene transition is the largest global cooling in the Cenozoic period. A comparison of three independent proxies from the continental shelf and deep ocean reveals a three-step transition to cold glacial conditions, with ice sheets 25% larger than their present size.

The proposed basal magma ocean within the early Earth may have been contaminated by oxides exsolved from the core that can explain seismic velocity anomalies observed in the lowermost mantle, according to thermodynamic and geodynamic modelling.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

LONP1, whose expression is downregulated in islets from donors with type 2 diabetes, is vital to mediate efficient mitochondrial protein folding, thus preventing proteotoxicity and promoting islet β cell survival and function.

RNA assembly has potential for developing biomaterials with tailored properties and functionalities. Here, the authors report on designed, angle-controllable RNA tiles for programmable 1D and 2D self-assembly of RNA, demonstrating RNA sensing and expanding the library of synthetic RNA nanostructures.

A dual interfacial hydrogen-bond passivation strategy and a hybrid copper–iodide are used to fabricate deep-blue light-emitting diodes with excellent external quantum efficiency and lifetime.

Authors show that Antarctic glaciers deliver high particle loads to the ocean, rich in iron that is potential food for marine algae. Microscopy techniques reveal this iron interacts with carbon. Ocean tracers show this glacial iron reaches far offshore.

Yang and colleagues report that MAIT cells are present in the meninges where they play an essential role in repressing tissue ROS accumulation and preserving meningeal barrier integrity.

Accurate forecasts of hurricane intensity remain problematic. Here, using an ocean observing network to inform ocean and atmospheric model simulations, the authors show that consideration of ahead-of-eye cooling improves intensity forecasts.

A class of moiré quasiperiodic crystals with unexpected electronic properties is presented, exhibiting flat bands and correlation-induced gaps that signal the emergence of correlated quantum states.

Fundamental biophysical principles that govern particle inclusion in or exclusion from condensates are discovered, wherein arbitrarily large particles controllably partition into condensates given sufficiently strong condensate-particle interactions.

P53 is a well-known tumour suppressor, however its role in intestinal type 2 immunity is currently unclear. Here authors report that during parasitic infections, p53 triggers tuft cell Ca²⁺ influx and IL-25 release, and shows a regulatory role for p53 in intestinal type 2 immunity via transcriptional regulation of the Lrmp gene.

The extent of snow cover and sea ice in the Northern Hemisphere has declined since 1979, suggesting a positive feedback of surface reflectivity on climate. A synthesis of a variety of remote sensing and field measurements suggests that this albedo feedback from the Northern Hemisphere cryosphere falls between 0.3 and 1.1 W m⁻² K⁻¹.

A novel personalized phage therapy strategy that selects phages for a predicted evolutionary trade-off may represent a viable alternative approach for the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial infections.

Genome-wide analyses identify 30 independent loci associated with obsessive–compulsive disorder, highlighting genetic overlap with other psychiatric disorders and implicating putative effector genes and cell types contributing to its etiology.

Some clinical isolates of influenza A(H7N9) virus encode a mutation within neuraminidase that could confer resistance to the only class of drugs active against H7N9. Here, the authors show that this mutation does not affect viral replication and pathogenicity while mediating resistance to antivirals in vivo.

This study refines benthic foraminiferal Mg/Ca paleothermometry to reduce uncertainties to ±0.2-0.3 °C, which was then applied in Atlantic and Pacific sediment cores to reconstruct Mid-Pliocene M2 glaciation sea-level changes.

Brush border gene regulation in various different tissues is incompletely understood. Here, the authors show HNF4 regulates the brush border gene program in multiple organs, such as intestine, kidney and yolk sac, and also intestinal chromatin looping in these tissues between promoters and enhancers.

Neutrophils actively induce tumour necrosis, driving vascular occlusion, pleomorphic necrosis and metastasis.

Translational regulation of isoforms in the developing nervous system is not well understood. Here, the authors report translational de-repression of RNA binding protein isoforms at their 5′UTRs in the neocortex and show the neurodevelopmental risk of post-transcriptional dysregulation.

Quantum spin-ice phases are predicted to have emergent gauge fields and fractionalization. Neutron scattering and thermodynamic measurements of the quantum spin-ice candidate Ce₂Zr₂O₇ show features consistent with these predictions.

A preclinical covalent compound, CMX410, contains a aryl fluorosulfate warhead that targets the acyltransferase domain of Mtb Pks13, an essential enzyme in cell-wall biosynthesis, making it a promising candidate for tuberculosis treatment regimens.

McGinty and Lupkin show that value-based choices in monkeys are explained by multi-neuron activity patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) that are not evident in single cells. Identifying this neural–behavioral link sheds light on the OFC’s role in decision-making.

Inflammatory diseases may play an important role in lung cancer in never-smokers (LCINS) pathogenesis. Here, the authors show that conditions such as GERD or COPD could be considered as part of eligibility criteria for LCINS screening programs in the future.