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The somitic mesoderm is seen as the main source of brown adipose tissue, although some depots are of partially unknown origin. Here, the authors show that Osr1 labels multipotent dorsal aorta progenitors at E9.5 that contribute to cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissues, revealing a non-somitic contribution to several brown adipose depots.

Genomes of nine brown algal species with different sex determination systems show that U/V sex chromosomes evolved 450–224 Ma and show remarkable conservation of genes within the sex-determining region despite independent expansions of the sex locus in each lineage.

The lowest-frequency gravitational wave background may be shaped by supermassive black hole binaries that scatter nearby stars or dark matter. In this case, the NANOGrav 15-year dataset favours dense galactic centres with 10⁶ solar masses per cubic parsec.

CLPP-deficiency-driven mitochondrial dysfunction in brown adipose tissue leads to the accumulation of d-2-hydroxyglutarate, in turn promoting lipid-droplet enlargement by altering gene expression and epigenetically regulating nuclear stiffness.

Similar to other eukaryotes, brown algae exhibit transcriptome conservation that is consistent with the molecular hourglass model during differentiation in embryonic development.

Evolutionarily related ‘proto-point’ centromeres providing resolution to the evolutionary origins of point centromeres are identified in yeast, and comparison shows they evolved in an ancestor with retrotransposon-rich centromeres and that long-terminal-repeat retrotransposons are the genetic substrate.

Electrons and holes trapped in a molecular crystal couple to form excitons. Here, the authors use scanning tunnelling microscopy to inject current with submolecular precision into structural defects in solid C₆₀and demonstrate single photon emission from the excitons trapped there.

Using the single-cell Deep Visual Proteomics technique, the authors develop a resource providing spatially resolved proteomic analysis of individual cells in human liver tissue.

Truncated version of adenylyl cyclase 3 acts as a cold-induced rheostat during long-term brown adipose tissue activation.

The 3D chromatin organisation of sex chromosomes within the nucleus remains elusive. This study determines the chromatin architecture of the brown alga Ectocarpus, linking sex-specific chromatin dynamics, histone modification and gene expression to the 3D structure of the U and V sex chromosomes.

This multidisciplinary response to investigate the large outbreak of unknown febrile illness in the Panzi Health Zone in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in late 2024 suggests that the outbreak was largely associated with malarial cases and concurrent viral respiratory infections.

Analysis of the cool brown dwarf Gliese 229 B suggests that it is actually a close binary of two less massive brown dwarfs, explaining its low luminosity and settling the conflict between theoretical predictions and measurements.

Limiting phosphate concentrations could be a strategy to protect and sequester carbon dioxide as fucoidan, a polysaccharide produced by marine algae.

The mechanisms of increased EPAS1 transcription in clear cell renal cell carcinoma remain to be explored. Here, the authors propose a regulatory circuitry of EPAS1 expression which is dependent on HIF and lineage-specific transcription factors.

Climate change threatens the future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Here the authors show that individual drainage basins have different thresholds and loss patterns, suggesting the need to consider the dynamical interactive nature of the basins and their individual tipping points.

Analysis of gamete transcriptomes of sexual and asexual individuals of the brown alga Scytosiphon shows decay of female functions but no signature of relaxation of sexual antagonism in the evolution of asexual reproduction in this haploid sexual system.

Two-dimensional poly(arylene vinylene) frameworks are promising polymer semiconductors, yet obtaining highly crystalline materials is a major challenge. Now a series of 11 highly crystalline or single-crystalline 2D poly(arylene vinylene)s have been prepared—from 2D imine-linked covalent organic frameworks through a Mannich-elimination strategy—with diverse lattices, enhanced conjugation and specific surface areas up to 2,000 m² g⁻¹.

Measurement of the 2S–6P transition in cryogenic atomic hydrogen using laser spectroscopy reveals a proton radius value that is 2.5-fold more precise than previous determinations and in excellent agreement with the muonic value, and tests the Standard Model to 0.7 parts per trillion.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis counteracts obesity and promotes metabolic health. The role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the regulation of this process is not well understood. Here the authors identify a maternally expressed lncRNA, H19, that increases BAT oxidative metabolism and energy expenditure.

Humanity’s Last Exam, a multi-modal benchmark at the frontier of human knowledge, is designed to be an expert-level closed-ended academic benchmark with broad subject coverage.

Palaeogenomic data from four Late Pleistocene cave bears reveals that cave bears admixed with brown bears in the Pleistocene epoch, and despite cave bears going extinct during the Last Glacial Maximum, extant brown bears maintain a genomic contribution from cave bears.

Brown adipose tissue is a promising target for the treatment of obesity with the potential to increase energy expenditure. Here, the authors use pharmacological and genetic approaches to block AXL receptor activation and show that its inhibition enhances brown adipocyte functionality and thermogenesis, leading to weight loss and metabolic improvements in mice.

In Caenorhabditis tropicalis, three toxin–antidote elements arose via gene duplication from the essential tRNA-synthetase subunit FARS-3. The ancestral antidote probably acquired affinity for FARS-3, enabling presuppression of toxicity and allowing otherwise deleterious mutant alleles to evolve into selfish genes.

In this work, the authors reveal that three non-ribosomal peptides targeting a common protein quality system differentially alter the Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome, providing new insight into the molecular mechanisms behind their antimycobacterial activity.

In mice, DHPS supports the maturation, maintenance and function of tissue-resident macrophages via the polyamine–hypusine axis, with implications for macrophage-targeting therapies.

This research quantifies hospital admissions in Shanghai for mental and behavioral disorders linked to humid heat, projecting a 68.2% increase by the 2090s under high greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizing the importance of mitigation strategies to reduce future morbidity burdens.

Observations from the JWST MIRI showed the detection of ¹⁴NH₃ and ¹⁵NH₃ isotopologues in the atmosphere of a cool brown dwarf, along with a ¹⁴N/¹⁵N value consistent with star-like formation by gravitational collapse.

Sirtuins have been reported to positively regulate brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. Here the authors report that brown adipocytic SIRT7 suppresses whole-body energy expenditure and thermogenesis in mice, potentially by attenuating batokine gene expressions and Ucp1 mRNA translation.

Brown fat can dissipate energy as heat and has an important role in energy homoeostasis of rodents and possibly humans. Chenet al. show that microRNA 155 regulates the differentiation of brown adipocytes as well as the 'browning' of white fat cells in mice.

Hepatocyte organoids derived directly from human tissue enable long-term hepatocyte expansion and can be combined with portal mesenchyme and cholangiocyte organoids to form a donor-specific periportal liver assembloid system.

The method for separating Cl₂ based on the Bernoulli principle enables efficient electrochemical chlorine evolution under universal pH conditions in a three-phase system. This enables assembly of a membrane-free system that can resist the influence of pH changes in the electrolyte.

Genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies 58 independent risk loci for major anxiety disorders among individuals of European ancestry and implicates GABAergic signaling as a potential mechanism underlying genetic risk for these disorders.

Tunable moiré WSe₂ bilayers realize Hubbard-model physics, exhibiting antiferromagnetism, strange metals and superconducting domes, offering a controllable platform to study high-transition-temperature superconductivity.

Kornfeld and colleagues identify miRNAs that are dysregulated in brown adipose tissue in mouse models of obesity and ageing, and show that miR-328 targets Bace1 to promote brown adipogenesis.

A martensitic alloy with a tensile strength exceeding 3 GPa and a fracture elongation of 5.13% is developed. These mechanical properties arise from interface complexes interacting with dense dislocation networks, which is a mechanism shown to be applicable to other compositions.

Non-nutritive sensory components of high-fat diet, such as bacon flavour, are sufficient to impair metabolic health in offspring in mice.

Hanbury Brown and Twiss measurements on speckle patterns propagating along curved surfaces improve understanding of spatial coherence.

Here, the authors present mtDNA and chronological data for sediments from excavations in the South Chamber of Denisova Cave, from which they construct a timeline of hominin and faunal occupation that fills stratigraphic gaps in other parts of the cave.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Direct observations of silicate clouds in the atmosphere of the exoplanet YSES-1 c and the first circumplanetary disk silicate emission around its sibling planet YSES-1 b are reported.

Here, the authors present the cryoEM structure of the sodium-translocating methyltransferase (Mtr) complex from Methanosarcina mazei. Along with providing catalytic insights, they identify MtrI, an unannotated small protein, bound to the Mtr complex in a redox-dependent manner.

Multicellular species of animals and plants differ in form but look similar when their body plan is established — described as an hourglass-like pattern of development. Independently evolved brown algae develop this way, too.

Genome editing often requires marker genes for selection of edited cells. Here, the authors present SNIPE, a marker-free method that selects cells based on DNA sequence, enabling precise enrichment of edited cells and applications from evolutionary research to the elimination of cancer cells.

‘Archaeogenetic analysis of black rat remains reveals that this species was introduced into temperate Europe twice, in the Roman and medieval periods. This population turnover was likely associated with multiple historical and environmental factors.’

Selecting for varieties of commercial crops with enhanced nutritional quality is important in agriculture. Here, the authors identify alleles of a gene in tomatoes that give rise to increased levels of vitamin E and find that the promoter of the gene is differentially methylated.

Over 20 species of geographically and phylogenetically diverse bird species produce convergent whining vocalizations towards their respective brood parasites. Model presentation and playback experiments across multiple continents suggest that these learned calls provoke an innate response even among allopatric species.

Emerging fungal pathogens have detrimental impacts on crops, animals, and humans, however little is known about their transition to a pathogenic lifestyle. This study demonstrates that the transition from saprotroph to opportunistic human pathogen is likely facilitated by adaptive translation.