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A plume of pollutants in the upper atmosphere above Germany is identified using lidar observations of lithium concentrations and can be traced back to the uncontrolled re-entry of a specific rocket launch through atmospheric modelling

Michael Bruford and colleagues report whole-genome sequencing of the peregrine (Falco peregrinus) and saker falcon (Falco cherrug). Their comparative analysis with five avian species provides insight into falcon evolution and adaptation to a predatory lifestyle.

Molecular glue degraders have consistently been discovered retrospectively, despite their increasing importance. Herein, a high-throughput approach is described that modifies existing ligands into molecular glue degraders.

The open-source FALCON and FALCON-Unzip software utilize long-read sequencing data to generate contiguous, accurate and phased diploid assemblies, even from genomes that are highly heterozygous.

Current single-cell RNA sequencing methods struggle to comprehensively profile transcriptomes, with many lowly expressed transcripts remaining undetected. Here authors present a workflow for enhancing the detection of both transcripts and regions of interest in combination with a standard transcriptome profile.

An antiphage defence system has an activation mechanism that relies on the sensing of phage-encoded proteins that enforce geometry crucial to activation and are not typically present in non-infected cells.

Proteomic data from natural isolates of Saccharomyces cerevisiae provide insight into how these cells tolerate aneuploidy (an imbalance in the number of chromosomes), and reveal differences between lab-engineered aneuploids and diverse natural yeasts.

Alternative splicing generates diverse protein isoforms, yet the functions of most exons remain unknown. Here, the authors introduce scCHyMErA-Seq, a scalable single-cell CRISPR exon-deletion platform that maps exon-specific transcriptional functions shaping gene expression and cell-cycle states.

A platform using matched patient-derived lung tumouroids and healthy lung organoids enables accurate examination of patient responses to CAR T therapy and offers a faithful framework for improved CAR T design.

Roßmann and colleagues report a simple strategy to generate a panel of fluorescent HaloTag Ligands that enable visualisation of cell surface proteins at low concentrations and with brief incubation times. They use these probes to label neuromodulatory receptors in neurons, allowing for the distinction of surface versus internal receptors of the presynaptic terminal.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with epithelial metabolic derangements which exacerbate gut inflammation. Here the authors report that colonoids from children with ulcerative colitis exhibit hypermetabolism and cellular stress primarily driven by lipid dysregulation. Pharmacological inhibition of PPAR-a, a transcriptional regulator of lipid metabolism, alleviates epithelial stress and inflammation.

The Vertebrate Genome Project has used an optimized pipeline to generate high-quality genome assemblies for sixteen species (representing all major vertebrate classes), which have led to new biological insights.

WIN332 is an HIV-1 Env protein designed to elicit a new class of Asn332-glycan-independent antibodies (type II) to the V3-glycan site of Env. WIN332 immunization rapidly induces type-II V3-glycan antibodies with low inhibitory activity indicative of a neutralization activity in macaques.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) associated uveitis can cause vision loss in children, but mechanisms remain unclear. The authors here identify elevated CD19⁺IgD^-CD27^- double negative type 1 B cells in JIA-uveitis and show that targeting B-T cell interactions suppresses disease in mouse models of uveitis.

Bacteria use diverse defence systems against phages, including a 164-residue prophage-encoded protein, Rip1, which senses conserved phage assembly rings to form membrane pores that block virion maturation and trigger premature host cell death.

Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy of the μ-opioid receptor bound to various ligands enables a detailed look at the mechanisms that underlie GTP-induced activation of G proteins, and how different ligands affect activation kinetics.

High-fidelity reads improve variant detection and genome assembly on the PacBio platform.

The dopamine motivating animals to perform a current behavior also desensitizes local D₂ dopamine receptors. Dopamine signaling is less effective in subsequent rounds, resulting in repetition-induced devaluation of behavior.

Population genetics analysis in a phylogenetic framework shows convergent evolution in the genomes of five brood-parasitic species, including selection on genes involved in spermatogenesis, sperm function and nervous system development.

Which combination of current genome sequencing and assembly approaches results in high-quality, complete diploid genome assemblies is determined.

An improved, fully re-annotated Aedes aegypti genome assembly (AaegL5) provides insights into the sex-determining M locus, chemosensory systems that help mosquitoes to hunt humans and loci involved in insecticide resistance and will help to generate intervention strategies to fight this deadly disease vector.

Transcription factor osr2 is identified as a specific marker and regulator of mural lymphatic endothelial cell (muLEC) differentiation and maintenance, and muLECs and border-associated macrophages share functional analogies but are not homologous, providing an example of convergent evolution.

Nagano et al. identify the third mitotic cohesin complex, STAG3–cohesin, which, with its unique biophysical properties, weakens insulation and rewires regulatory interactions of spermatogonial stem cells, shaping the male germline nucleome.

This article reports sub- and near-atomic structures of triclinic lysozyme and serine protease proteinase K, respectively, providing first demonstrations of ab initio phasing using electron counted MicroED data to solve macromolecular structures.

Bohlen and colleagues report that the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL is necessary for the development, tolerance and activation of B cells in humans, unlike in mice where CBL deficiency results in loss of T cells.

It remains uncertain whether genetic variants and day–night cycles affect the efficacy of drugs in acute disease settings. Here, the authors show that metoprolol reduces risk only in patients who carry two Arg389 alleles of the beta-1 adrenoceptor, and specifically when myocardial infarction occurs at the beginning of the light cycle.

Human iPSC-CMs are invaluable for cardiac disease modeling and regeneration. Here, authors developed an optimized suspension culture protocol to efficiently and reproducibly differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes and cardiac organoids.

Inhibition of the histone methyltransferase NSD2 and the androgen receptor in preclinical models can reverse lineage plasticity to suppress tumour growth and promote cell death in multiple subtypes of castration-resistant prostate cancer.

A deep chemical proteomic investigation of diverse aminophilic electrophiles has identified ligandable lysines across a wide range of human proteins. The proteins cover different functional and structural classes, and the aminophilic electrophiles include compounds that disrupt protein–protein and protein–RNA interactions. This dataset provides a proteome-wide atlas of lysine-reactive chemistry.

This study presents a BRET biosensor that measures how anticancer drugs cooperatively engage PRMT5 complexes in cells, revealing how cellular metabolites such as SAM and MTA enhance drug action and enable precision therapies for MTAP-deleted tumors.

Zorya uses a membrane-anchored H⁺-driven rotary motor ZorAB to sense phage invasion and to recruit the intracellular effectors ZorC and ZorD that execute anti-phage defence.

North Africans are underrepresented in current genome-wide data sets. Here, the authors provide an Egyptian genome reference, consisting of de novo assembly of the genome of an Egyptian individual and genome-wide genetic variation from a representative cohort of 110 Egyptian individuals.

A pangenome of the Cannabis genus including 193 genomes demonstrates high variability in most of the genome but low diversity in cannabinoid synthesis genes and provides a resource for future genetic studies and crop optimization.

Cost-effective, environmentally sustainable and energy-efficient ways to address rising atmospheric CO₂ levels are urgently needed. Here the authors combine electrochemical reduction of CO₂ to formate with biosynthetic conversion of formate to the universal building block acetyl-CoA using a synthetic metabolic pathway called ReForm.

The authors present Gemini, their bifunctional replicon platform capable of functioning as either self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) or self-amplifying DNA (saDNA).

High-resolution data are crucial for accurate structural modeling. Here, authors enhance MicroED data quality using energy filtering, achieving sub-atomic resolution protein data and uncovering diffuse scattering, offering detailed insights into protein structure and function.

Defective neurotransmission is a hallmark of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Here, the authors show that local presynaptic Munc13-1synthesis is defective in SMA and that modification of the Munc13-1 mRNA rescues presynaptic architecture and excitability.

Marín-Arraiza and colleagues report the cryo-EM structures of an extracellular contractile injection system from Photorhabdus luminescens in extended and contracted states, providing structural insight into its architecture and contraction mechanism.

The authors present the results of a phase I/II clinical trial using autologous CD133+ bone marrow stem cell therapy to restore fertility in patients with Asherman Syndrome. The intervention was safe and showed promising results for the restoration of menstruation and reproductive function.

Aging leads to progressive loss of effective tissue regeneration, which has been linked to the accumulation of senescent cells. Here, the authors use machine learning to identify a stable nuclear morphometric phenotype that detects senescent cells across tissues and age, enabling their quantification and mapping in diverse environments.

Genetic disposition can impact response to virus infection. Here, the authors used a reinfection approach with antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants Omicron and Beta and show that differences in the immune response correlate with disease outcome in mouse models with different genetic background upon reinfection.

Inflammatory monocytes in the brain meninges promote stress-induced fear behaviour, and the pathways involved can be modulated using psychedelic compounds.

Neuroinflammation following intracortical microelectrode implantation impairs long-term brain-machine interface performance. Here, the authors developed a nanoparticle-based therapy that improves local hemostasis and delivers dexamethasone, reducing inflammation.

Membrane budding plays pivotal roles in cellular processes, but a fully artificial system mimicking natural budding processes remains elusive. Here, the authors report a DNA origami-based membrane budding system that recapitulates key aspects of clathrin-mediated endocytosis without relying on components of cellular budding machineries.

Polyamines prevent the action of kinases on acidic phosphorylatable motifs in spliceosomal proteins, thus providing a mechanism for metabolite-mediated regulation of alternative splicing in cells.

The notothenioid radiation is a remarkable group of fish adapted to life in the icy waters of the Southern Ocean. This study investigates the evolutionary history of this group and the basis of their adaption to cold environments through genomic analysis of 24 new genome assemblies.

A non-destructive DNA isolation method for the stepwise release of DNA trapped in ancient tooth and bone artefacts is developed.