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While it is known that entanglement plays a role in learning the properties of unknown physical systems, the detailed quantitative dependence is unclear. Here, the authors investigate the fundamental resources behind quantum advantage in channel learning, revealing that while extensive entanglement is unnecessary, the number of ancilla qubits is crucial.

Real-time recognition of microrobot state remains challenging due to their small size and imaging limitations. The authors integrate flexible RF antennas into shape-reconfigurable soft microrobots, enabling remote detection of shape transformations.

Microvilli can participate in adhesion or migration of T cells, but whether they are involved in function regulation is unclear. Here the authors show that T cell microvilli form budding vesicles containing T cell signalling components for deposition onto antigen presenting cells (APC) and modulation of APC functions.

Analysis of 14,106 tumor genomes highlights recurrent mutations in mitochondrial ribosomal RNA encoded within the mitochondrial genome. Mutations occur at hotspot positions and are under strong purifying selection in the germline.

The Kondo hybridization typically occurs in heavy-fermion systems containing f electrons, although recently it has been reported in d-electron systems. Kim et al. report spectroscopic evidence of the Kondo hybridization in FeTe and discuss it role in the mechanism of the magnetic order.

Here, the authors show that Brown-Zak fermions in graphene-on-boron-nitride superlattices exhibit mobilities above 10⁶ cm²/V s and micrometer scale ballistic transport.

CAR T cell success requires targeting tumors, but these cells can get trapped in other tissues, such as in the lungs, where they can cause pathology. Here, the authors use a loss-of-function CRISPR screen to identify regulators of CAR T cell tumor trafficking and engineer CAR T cells accordingly to overcome this limitation.

Therapies and vaccines for COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 viral pandemic, are urgently needed. Here the authors establish and screen an antibody library from a convalescent COVID-19 patient to isolate a neutralizing antibody with the ability to reduce viral titer and alleviate symptoms in ferret, hamster, and rhesus monkey infection models.

A single-cell sequencing study using more than 30,000 tumour genomes from human ovarian cancers shows that whole-genome doubling is an ongoing mutational process that drives tumour evolution and disrupts immunity.

Shape-memory materials are promising actuation sources for small-scale machines. The authors demonstrate that domain switching in twisted ferroic nanocomposites enables a giant shape-memory effect and superelasticity in the nanoscale structure.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) promote immune suppression in the tumour. Here, the authors show that Tregs suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity by impairing Ca²⁺ signalling and that adoptive transfer of CTLs engineered with an optogenetic control of Ca²⁺overcome the immune suppression at the tumour site.

An untethered jamming mechanism uses magnetic fields to control interactions between soft-ferromagnetic composites with designed magnetization profiles. Stiffness, damping, and shapelocking are tuned for programmable robotic materials.

Lactobacilli are a principal microbial constituent in the human uterine cervix and vagina. Here, authors identify the stem cells in the human uterine cervix and the role of Lactobacilli metabolite in cervical stem cells and cervical cancers.

Kim and colleagues provide new insights into the function and fate of neutrophils during influenza infection and their roles in antiviral T cell responses.

Achieving uniform Li plating in solid-state batteries is key for their practical application. Here, the authors integrate a silver-doped lithium argyrodite layer in initially anode-free all-solid-state batteries, promoting uniform lithium plating and cell operation under a low stack pressure of 2 MPa through silver exsolution.

Transition metal oxides exhibit a variety of correlated phases in their bulk form; however, they typically become insulators in the monolayer limit. Here, the authors report a correlated metallic state in a single-atomic layer of epitaxial SrRuO3, realized in epitaxial oxide heterostructure.

The mechanism of macrophage cytotoxicity against cancer cells requires further illustration. By employing CRISPR screening in CAR-macrophage and cancer cell co-culture system, the authors identify depletion of ATG9A on cancer cells sensitizes them to macrophage-mediated killing, which can be synergic with CSF1R inhibition in cancer treatment.

A genome-wide association study including over 76,000 individuals with schizophrenia and over 243,000 control individuals identifies common variant associations at 287 genomic loci, and further fine-mapping analyses highlight the importance of genes involved in synaptic processes.

In Drosophila, an amino acid deficit triggers the expression of the neuropeptide CNMamide in gut enterocytes, which promotes a compensatory appetite for essential over non-essential amino acids, and this process is modulated by the microbiome.

Most approaches to control gene expression in vivo require generation of knock-in mouse lines and often lack spatiotemporal control. Here the authors develop a photo-activatable Flp recombinase system and demonstrate its use by controlling object-exploration behavior in mice through Cav3.1 silencing.

The authors demonstrate nano-engineered thin film thermoelectric materials are attractive for practical solid-state refrigeration with semiconductor manufacturing and ultra-low 0.003-cc materials usage.

Gangliosides are vital for brain function, but their isomer-specific investigations are limited. Here, the authors use a glyco-lipidomic approach to profile ganglioside isomers and N-glycans in mouse brain regions, revealing regional specificity and commonality.

Genome-wide association analyses of 41,917 bipolar disorder cases and 371,549 controls of European ancestry provide new insights into the etiology of this disorder and identify novel therapeutic leads and potential opportunities for drug repurposing.

Animals detect microbiomes through smell, aiding communication, group recognition, and behavior. Here with Drosophila model, the authors show that airway and gut cells can sense microbiome-emitted scents independently of smell, promoting host growth.

Arabidopsis repairs leaf wounds by reprogramming mesophyll cells into epidermal-like cells that build a ligno-suberized barrier topped with cuticle. ATML1 directs this process via ethylene–RbohE and jasmonic acid–RbohD signalling across cell layers in space and time.

The topological nature of the electronic structure of two-dimensional ferromagnetic SrRuO₃ and its relationship to the anomalous Hall effect is explored through transport measurements, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and theoretical modelling.

In this Review, Deborah Fowell and Minsoo Kim highlight the complexity of the biochemical and mechanical cues that facilitate T cell migration. They explain how effector T cells are able to use these cues to navigate through complex tissue environments to respond to pathogens and other immunological challenges.

Bilateral sensory stimulation, which is used to treat post-traumatic stress disorder in humans, alleviates fear memory in mice through a circuit involving the superior colliculus and the medial thalamus.

Efficient screening of protein-drug interactions (PDIs) has been impeded by the limitations of current biophysical approaches. Here, the authors present a funneled YaxAB nanopore sensor which allows label-free, single-molecule detection of proteins and PDIs.

The cortical actin cytoskeleton plays a role in maintaining intestinal epithelial integrity. Here the authors report that TRIM40, an E3 ligase, disrupts cortical actin formation and leads to loss of epithelial barrier integrity, and that genetic loss of TRIM40 is protective against experimental colitis in male mice.

Area selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) has been recently proposed as a controlled growth method, but the patterning resolution and selectivity require improvements. Here, the authors report a superlattice-based AS-ALD method to deposit various materials onto 2D MoS₂-MoSe₂ lateral superlattices, with a minimum half-pitch size of ~ 10 nm.

A nanoscale polymer layer formed by mucins at the surface of tumour cells protects them against immune cell attack. This shield can be circumvented through immune cell engineering, using chimeric antigen receptors to stimulate natural killer and T cells or by tethering glycocalyx-editing enzymes to immune cells.

Fusion devices like tokamaks require plasma current to generate magnetic field for plasma confinement. Here the authors report an observation of a self-generated anomalous current that contributes up to 30% of the total current in the fusion plasma at KSTAR.

The conductivity of marginally-twisted bilayer graphene is predicted to persist in presence of a bandgap-opening interlayer bias, owing to a network of 1D conductive states at domain boundaries. Here, the authors report Aharonov–Bohm oscillations up to 100 K, whereas at liquid helium temperatures another kind of oscillation appears, due to progressive population of the narrow minibands formed by the 2D network of 1D states inside the gap.

β-PdBi2 superconducting properties have been known about since the 1950s, with various works since then indicating the possibility of multiple superconducting gaps and unconventional superconductivity. However, so far only a single gap s-wave superconductivity was detected. Here, using tunnelling spectroscopy under an applied magnetic field, Powell et al observe a transition from s-wave to nodal pairing.

Gap junction intercellular channels (GJIChs) facilitate direct communication between adjacent cells. Here, authors provide high-resolution information on dynamic structural changes in Cx43 GJICh that are necessary to understand the gating mechanism.

Two distinct valleys in the electronic band structure of graphene provide an additional degree of freedom that could be exploited for devices. Conservation of this valley symmetry can now be seen in the quantized conductance of graphene nanoribbons.

The rapid turnover and exfoliation of mucosal epithelial cells provides an innate defence system against bacterial infection. The Shigella virulence factor OspE, which is highly conserved among some other enteropathogenic bacteria, is now shown to target host intergrin-linked kinase, enhancing host cell adherence and thereby preventing the detachment of infected cells.

ELMO1 is a protein centrally involved in controlling the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Ravichandran and colleagues demonstrate a noncanonical role for ELMO1 in the promotion of neutrophil migration and inflammatory arthritis.

Cytotoxic response is mediated by delivery of lytic molecules at the effector cell/target cell junction site, termed the immunological synapse. Here the authors find, using single cell biophysical measurements, that the during this process the αLβ2 integrin, LFA-1, helps focus lytic granule release via talin-dependent, pulling force-mediated spatial guidance.

2D nanoporous membranes are predicted to provide highly selective gas transport in combination with extreme permeance. Here authors demonstrate gas separation performance and transport mechanisms through membranes of graphdiyne, a quasi 2D material with a graphene-like structure.

Resistance to first line treatment is a major hurdle in cancer treatment, that can be overcome with drug combinations. Here, the authors provide a large drug combination screen across cancer cell lines to benchmark crowdsourced methods and to computationally predict drug synergies.

Amplification-free single-cell whole-genome sequencing shows that genomic, evolutionary and biophysical factors collectively drive cell-to-cell variation in mitochondrial DNA copy number.

We show that domain walls in minimally twisted bilayer graphene support exceptionally robust proximity superconductivity in the quantum Hall regime.