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CBASS systems trigger bacterial suicide via membrane disruption. Here, authors show that effector CapV relocates to the cell pole upon sensing 3’3’-cGAMP, where it cleaves phospholipids and ruptures membranes, revealing a filament-dependent activation mechanism for antiviral defense

The dorsal peduncular area of the mouse brain functions as a network hub that integrates diverse cortical and thalamic inputs to regulate neuroendocrine and autonomic responses.

Human cortical functions rely on intricate spatial arrangements and interactions among neuronal cell types. Here, authors show a comprehensive cellular atlas illustrating detailed neuron distribution and communication patterns across cortical regions.

A synthetic biology approach was used to engineer Vibrio natriegens into a strain capable of bioremediating complex organic pollutants in saline wastewater and soils, thereby addressing notable threats to marine biosecurity.

Scavenger receptor class A member 3 (SR-A3) is implicated in metabolic diseases, but its relationship with MAFLD remains unclear. Here, the authors show that SR-A3 is an important modulator of hepatic energy metabolism and is a potential therapeutic target against MAFLD.

Trifluoromethyl ethers are important bioactive targets in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, however, their synthesis is often not straightforward. Here, the authors disclose a reagent for the nucleophilic trifluoromethoxylation of alkyl halides without silver and under mild conditions.

Sequence-based algorithms to identify T cell antigens often miss targets that are activating the immune response. Here authors show that a computational method they developed, which uses atomic level features as input, can identify antigens that trigger cytokine release in cognate T cells.

Despite the growing importance of fluorinated organic compounds introduction of fluorine into organic molecules is still challenging. Here, the authors present the development of palladium and phosphine synergistic redox catalysis of fluorocarbonylation of potassium aryl/alkyl trifluoroborate.

cell–cell communication (CCC) is crucial for understanding biological processes. Here, authors present DeepTalk, which combines single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics data to infer cell–cell communication at single-cell resolution, revealing intricate intercellular dynamics within tissues.

Fan and colleagues show that the neurotransmitter GABA signals in intestinal ILC3s to suppress IL-17A production through a regulatory loop that involves suppression of C/EBP-β and induction of Igfb7.

Little is known about the long-term effectiveness of risk-based target-to-treat cholesterol-lowering interventions on cardiovascular risk. Here, the authors show that treat-to-target cholesterol-lowering interventions could exert an equivalent protective effect of statin therapeutic trials using data from a 29-year cohort study.

The role of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs) is not much explored. Here, the authors identify that the snoRNA SNORD88B drives self-renewal of liver CSCs and liver tumorigenesis through promoting the nucleolar shuttle protein WRN retention in the nucleolus and dysregulation of Hippo signaling.

A Ni²⁺-modified MspA nanopore construct can unambiguously discriminate the 20 proteogenic amino acids as well as several post-translational modifications.

There is interest in the development of drug-based hydrogels for responsive sustained drug release. Here, the authors report on the self-assembly of natural small molecule, rhein, into hydrogels and the application of the hydrogels as stable controlled release agents for neuro-inflammatory therapy

Macrophages with a reparative phenotype are important for tissue repair and have distinctive metabolic features. Here authors show that metabolic rewiring of macrophages during wound healing involves dephosphorylation of the transcription factor PPARγ, which results in activation of target genes that regulate lipid biosynthesis.

Despite intensive investigation, stepwise reactions from diol to Taxol tetracyclic core skeleton remain unclear. Here, authors fill this gap by identifying two P450s and confirming the reaction order.

Fan and colleagues show that circular RNA circPan3 controls expression of the cytokine receptor IL-13Rα1 on intestinal stem cells and, thus, the renewal of those cells in response to IL-13 derived from group 2 innate lymphoid cells.

Embryonic stem cell pluripotency depends upon precise regulation by a core transcription network. Here the authors show that polyglutamylation mediated stabilization of the transcription factor Klf4 by TTLL1 and TTLL4 promotes reprogramming, pluripotency and preimplantation embryonic development.

Perovskite nanomaterials may suffer degradation during conventional photolithography. Here, the authors report a non-destructive method for patterning perovskite quantum dots based on direct photopolymerization catalyzed by lead bromide complexes.

Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3) are involved in maintaining gut immune homeostasis. Here the authors identify a circular RNA, circKcnt2, to be induced in ILC3s from inflamed gut, yet circKcnt2 deletion aggravates mouse experimental colitis, thereby implicating circKcnt2 as a potential feedback regulator of ILC3 activation and gut immunity.

The mechanistic involvement of sonic hedgehog signaling in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is not clear. Here, the authors show that sonic hedgehog protein regulates the stability of HSP90β, enabling hepatocytes to secrete exosomes containing miR-28-5-p to promote NASH development.

Sequencing of haploid sugarcane, Saccharum spontaneum, allows assembly of a prototypical version of the sugarcane chromosome set. This new reference genome will serve as a resource to accelerate sugarcane improvement.

For the object recognition in lightless environments, the authors propose the olfactory-tactile machine learning approach, inspired by the star-nose mole’s neural system. They show how bionic flexible sensor arrays allow for real-time acquisition of object’s form and odor when touching it.

Germline variants that predispose to lung cancer have been mostly studied in Western populations, but data from Chinese patients is lacking. Here the authors analyze lung cancer germline variants in 1794 Chinese patients, finding exclusive variants or with different frequency compared to TCGA data.

Zhu et al. show that the long noncoding RNA lncGata6 enhances Wnt signalling in intestinal stem cells by recruiting the NURF remodelling complex onto the Ehf promoter and initiating its transcription, which triggers expression of Lgr4/5.

Miscanthus is widely used as a feedstock for cellulosic biofuel production. Genome sequencing shows that M. floridulus is most distantly related to other Miscanthus species and is more genetically diverse.

Transcription factor ELF-1 plays a protective role in DSS-induced colitis by directly regulating the expression of the Rack1 gene and inhibiting the production of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines in colonic epithelial cells.

Minimizing the energy dissipation is usually sought by eliminating phonon-emission process. Here, the authors find a different approach for facilitating energy transmission at room temperature that electrons exert diffusive but quasiadiabatic transport, free from substantial energy loss.

Pregestational hyperglycaemia in mothers increases the probability of glucose intolerance in the offspring, an effect controlled by TET3-dependent DNA demethylation of genes involved in insulin secretion.

Long noncoding RNAs contribute to the cell-type-specific regulation of gene expression. Fan and colleagues identify a unique conserved lncRNA, lncKdm2b, that is transcribed divergently from the Kdm2b gene and is necessary for ILC3 maintenance in the gut.

Metagenomic analysis reveals distinctive multi-kingdom species, functional signatures and bacteria-fungi interactions pattern between excess body weight CRC and lean CRC in gut microbiome, which contribute to precision medicine of CRC.

Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) promote cancer progression. Here, the author show that caspase-1 promotes TAMs differentiation by attenuating medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and that inhibition of this axis results in suppression of tumour growth in a transgenic mouse model of breast cancer.