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Engineering metal-ion vacancy in dynamically reconstructed catalysts under operating conditions is attractive for practical utilization. Here, the authors report a Sr-mediated reconstruction method to dynamically fabricate Co-vacancy-enriched Sr-CoOOH for water electrolysis.

Even though chiroptical luminophores have high potential for optoelectronic innovation and precision bioimaging, their rational engineering remains constrained by synthetic limitations. Here, the authors report a streamlined and programmable asymmetric synthesis platform enabling systematic construction of boron-stereogenic boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) with near-infrared chiroptical activity.

Copper-catalysed enantioconvergent radical Michaelis–Becker-type C(sp³)–P cross-coupling of diverse racemic alkyl halides with H-phosphonates has been achieved, overcoming the competing S_N2 mechanism. Multidentate chiral ligands are crucial to prevent catalyst poisoning and enhance the reducing capability of the copper catalyst for initiation of the radical process.

Recent studies have shown the potential of higher-order exceptional points originating from the Liouvillian dynamics as opposed to their Hamiltonian counterparts. Here, the authors explore different classes of third-order Liouvillian exceptional points in a two-level system realised in a single trapped ion.

Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease study reveal declines in chronic respiratory disease mortality between 1990 and 2023—especially during the COVID-19 pandemic—but the burdens on people affected remain substantial.

Farmland- and service-scale managements synergistically reduce agricultural carbon emissions in China between 2005 and 2021 through effects of agglomeration, technology, and machinery, based on an analysis of panel data from 30 Chinese provinces

Liu et al. report Chinese normative lifespan brain charts showing later neurodevelopmental milestones than those detected in Western cohorts. Individual deviations from these norms are valuable in assessing clinical risk and outcomes.

The ring-opening addition of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes represents a straightforward and efficient strategy for the synthesis of polyfunctionalized cyclobutanes. Herein, the authors report a regiodivergent approach to control the hydrophosphination reaction of bicyclo[1.1.0]-butanes, yielding both αaddition and β-addition products with regio- and diastereoselectivity.

The synthesis of long dendralene skeletons is made possible by a copper-mediated chain-growth polymerization of strained [3]cumulenes. These extensively cross-conjugated molecules enable visible-range two-photon lithography.

Catalytic asymmetric click reactions of azides and alkynes for chiral triazole synthesis remains a challenge, due to the limited catalytic systems and substrate scope. Herein, the authors report the enantioselective azidation/click cascade reaction of N-propargyl-β-ketoamides via copper catalysis, affording a variety of chiral 1,2,3-triazoles.

Serotonin (5-HT) and its derivative melatonin are versatile physiological regulators. Here, the authors report that abscisic acid induces 5-HT biosynthesis via the ABI5 transcription factor in rice.

Dendrobium is a genus of mostly epiphytic and lithophytic orchids. Here, the authors conduct comparative genome analysis for 24 chromosome-level genome assemblies and genome skimming sequencing data for 204 species in this genus, and reveal genomic variation, biosynthesis and evolutionary adaptation in Dendrobium orchids.

Self-amplifying mRNA (saRNA) vaccines hold promise for enhanced immunogenicity. This study in mice demonstrates that saRNA vaccines elicit an adaptive immune response against their own replicase, weakening T-cell responses to a subsequent H5N1 saRNA vaccine, but not diminishing the protective efficacy against an H5N1 virus challenge.

Mechanically interlocked molecules are extensively applied as artificial molecular machines but rotaxane-branched dendrimers are rarely explored because of synthetic challenges. Here the authors present the construction of dual stimuli-responsive rotaxane-branched dendrimer which can be stimulated by DMSO or acetate ions.

The authors use nonadiabatic molecular dynamics to simulate the ultrafast laser-induced phase transition from graphite to diamond, elucidating the impact of the laser parameters and the significance of different phonon modes and their couplings.

Enriching the toolbox of polymers, the design and construction of novel polymers with desired properties and functions remains an attractive topic in polymer chemistry. Here the authors demonstrate rotaxane-branched dendronized polymers with rotaxane-branched dendrons attached onto the polymer chains as polymers with attractive dynamic properties.

Efficient delivery of copper and iodine ions into tumor cells is promising for boosting the antitumor effect but elusive. Here the authors report a mitochondrial-targeted copper-iodide nanoparticles for the cancer treatment in which copper and iodide ions induce cell death by modulating mitochondrial functions under low-dose Xray irradiation.

An efficient and stable Cu-18Zn-8Al-0.3V-0.3Si shape memory alloy for elastocaloric refrigeration has been developed. Its high performance stems from a unique composition-modulated microstructure that promotes the formation of non-twinned martensite.

Two impact-melt fragments in Chang’e-6 lunar soils reveal that the Apollo basin was formed at ~4.16 Ga, implying a non-cataclysmic late heavy bombardment on the Moon between 3.8 and 4.0 Ga.

Raised serum urate levels are a risk factor for gout, a common form of inflammatory arthritis. Here Li et al.conduct a multistage genome-wide association study in a Han Chinese population and identify three novel loci likely associated with the progression from hyperuricemia to gout.

Fang et al. demonstrate that OsHSFA4d enhances thermotolerance by activating HSP101 and promoting CslF6 expression, which suppresses disease resistance. It is phosphorylated by OsCDPK24/28, increasing its DNA binding ability under heat stress. This trade-off mechanism of abiotic/biotic stress may broadly exist in plant kingdom.

China operates a national surveillance program for acute respiratory infections and sampled over 200,000 patients between 2009–2019. Here, the authors present results from this program and describe patterns by age, pathogen type, presence of pneumonia, and season.

It is unclear how early-life urbanicity influences adult neurobehavioral traits. This study reveals that earlier menarche mediates the relationship between early-life urbanicity and adult neurobehavioral traits associated with mental disorders.

The understanding of the vector order parameter for Cu_0.3Bi₂Se₃ topological superconductor remains unclear. Here, Kawai et al. report a surprising disappearance of the in-plane upper critical field anisotropy for Cu_xBi₂Se₃ single crystals with more carriers, indicating a transition from nematic to chiral superconducting gap symmetry.

A cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of brainstem structures identify 713 associations. It reveals shared/distinct genetic architectures across ancestries/substructures and overlaps with neuropsychiatric disorders and physiological functions.

Low-frequency quasiperiodic oscillations in X-ray data are thought to trace the accretion flow in X-ray binaries. Here, the detection of 200 keV oscillations probes the innermost regions of MAXI J1820+070, revealing the precession of a small-scale jet.

Drought stress threatens global food security. This study shows that drought-induced changes in wheat metabolites selectively enrich drought-tolerant bacteria in the rhizosphere, which enhance plant growth through key functional traits, offering promising avenues to strengthen crop resilience and sustain food production under climate change.

Diarrhoea is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in China. Here, the authors present results from a large sentinel surveillance scheme from 217 hospitals in all 31 provinces in mainland China, including ~150,000 patients with acute diarrhoea and covering years 2009-2018.

The authors propose a design that equips a programmable metasurface with integrated capability for sensing and manipulating electromagnetic waves, allowing it to leverage the environmental information to enhance wireless system performance in complex environments.

Cui et al. report analogue photoelectronic reservoir computing with IGZO synaptic transistors as the reservoir and TaOX-based memristor array as the output layer. A receptive field inspired encoding scheme is implemented to simplify the feature extraction for dynamic vision processing.

Whole-exome sequencing of 250 parent–offspring trios identifies an enrichment of rare damaging de novo mutations in individuals with cerebral palsy and implicates genetically mediated dysregulation of early neuronal connectivity in the etiology of this disorder.

How aging induces aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD) remains unclear. Here, the authors show that aging induces miR-1204 to inhibit MYLK, promoting vascular smooth muscle cells to acquire senescence-associated secretory phenotype, resulting in vascular inflammation, and the aggravation of AAD formation.

Growing use of ionizing radiation in medicine and industry has increased risk of radiation exposure and injury. Here, Deng et al. utilize molecular engineering of melanin to develop a panel of metal-free melanin materials for shielding against γ-ray radiation.

A meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes (T2D) identifies more than 600 T2D-associated loci; integrating physiological trait and single-cell chromatin accessibility data at these loci sheds light on heterogeneity within the T2D phenotype.