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Pan-genome analysis of 24 alfalfa accessions identifies key structural variations associated with salt tolerance and quality traits and provides resources for genomics-assisted breeding in alfalfa.

Population genomics has primarily focused on sequence polymorphisms rather than gene expression diversity. Here, the conduct RNA-seq for 328 common wheat lines to investigate the role of gene expression variation in shaping agronomic traits and their contributions to modern wheat improvement.

The assembly of eight high-quality rapeseed genomes allows identification of presence and absence variations (PAVs) and small variations. PAV-based genome-wide association analysis uncovered causal variations for agronomic traits and ecotype differentiation.

SLC6A6 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane and mediates mitochondrial taurine import, which sustains mitochondrial tRNA modifications and cell growth.

Natural salt lake brines contain various ions, making the selective extraction of KCl challenging. Here, the authors combine 3D covalent organic framework membranes with redox-mediated salinity gradient harvesting to enable the low-energy separation of anions and cations.

Organic solvent nanofiltration is a promising alternative to existing energy-intensive industrial separation processes but it requires suitable membranes. Here a chemically and mechanically robust conjugated polymer framework membrane is designed for efficient molecular-sieving separations.

The development of ionic membranes with a high charge population is critical for realizing efficient thermo-osmotic energy conversion. Here, the authors demonstrated that the thermo-osmotic energy conversion efficiency can be improved by increasing the membrane charge density but this enhancement only occurs within a narrow window.

A study examines the effects of mutations that occur naturally in T cell cancers, reporting that such mutations can potentially be exploited to increase the potency of T cell therapies.

A multiancestry phenome-wide analysis of copy number variants in the UK Biobank genomes increases power to detect genetic associations with complex traits across human populations.

The therapeutic relevance of telomere maintenance mechanisms in cancer, remains to be explored. Here, the authors integrate multi-omic data and functional readouts, generate a resource of telomere biology metrics and identify potential molecular vulnerabilities.

A single-cell analysis of tumor-infiltrating T cells from 16 cancer types identifies new T cell subsets and a stress response cell state enriched in tumors resistant to immunotherapy.

Membranes with high permselectivity in high salinity conditions are desirable for efficient energy conversion. Here, the authors address the challenge by modifying the distribution of electrostatic potentials in the linkages of covalent organic framework membranes and apply the material to the conversion of low-grade waste heat into electrical energy.

Artificial ion channels with multiple functions provide exciting opportunities to emulate natural processes and enhance energy conversion. Here, the authors introduce a family of photoelectrically responsive ionic covalent organic frameworks membranes for solar energy and salinity gradient energy conversion.

How site-specific tumor microenvironment (TME) drives the metastasis of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) remains unclear. Here, the authors employ an integrated single cell multi-omics approach to map the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HGSOC metastasis TME and identify an interaction network within the TME driven by SELENOP⁺ macrophages and pre-exhausted CD8⁺ T cells.

This study applies generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) and advanced transcriptome wide association study (TWAS) methods to improve the discovery of colorectal cancer risk transcription factors and genes, including potential druggable targets.

Microbial consortia offer a promising route for sustainable wastewater treatment but are often constrained by inefficient interspecies metabolic interactions. This study shows that hydrogel-defined mesospace confinement enhances interspecies cross-feeding by regulating transmembrane transport and metabolite retention, improving pathway selectivity and treatment efficiency.

Zhang et al. found that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) condensation is responsible for temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma by recruiting CCCTC-binding factor and remodeling chromatin in a deacetylase-independent manner. Disrupting the HDAC1 condensates with resminostat restores the sensitivity to temozolomide.

Here the authors report a phase 3 clinical trial showing that Ecnoglutide, designed as a cAMP-biased GLP-1R agonist, improved glycaemic control versus placebo in adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with a single oral hypoglycaemic agent.

EGLN2 hydroxylates histone H3 at proline 16, enhancing the binding of KDM5A to H3K4me3. Genome- and transcriptome-wide analyses show that the EGLN2–KDM5A axis regulates target gene expression in mammalian cells.

Here, as part of the Sherlock-Lung study, the authors profile the microbiomes of 940 lung cancers in never smokers finding no significant associations with demographic and clinical features, suggesting lung bacteria are unlikely to have a sizable role in lung cancer.

The cryo-EM structure of the herpes simplex virus helicase–primase (HP) complex informs about the mechanism of action of HP inhibitors pritelivir and amenamevir, which are drugs of clinical relevance.

Lithium–sulfur batteries offer high energy density and cost-effectiveness but are limited by the precipitation of solid sulfur species, which has driven interest in semi-liquid systems. This Review examines catholyte chemistry and design, static and redox-flow configurations, and strategies to improve performance and scalability for large-scale energy storage.

Xu et al. report that CDK10 drives immune evasion by reducing nucleic acid sensors-mediated innate immune response in tumor cells and that its inhibition improves response to immune-checkpoint blockade in preclinical cancer models.

Drug resistance poses a major challenge in cancer therapy. Here, authors present scDrugMap, a unified framework that systematically compares foundation models for single-cell drug response prediction and highlights models with superior performance.

Lung adenocarcinomas bearing the ID2 mutational signature display increased LINE-1 retrotransposon activity, which contributes to their fast evolutionary dynamics and aggressive phenotype.

Decreasing salt-to-solvent molar ratio without sacrificing electrochemical performance remains a challenge in high-performance lithium metal batteries. Here, authors show that compatibility of fluorobenzene-diluted 1,2-dimethoxyethane-based electrolyte with Li metal is reduced in smaller salt-to-solvent molar ratios and design a fluorobenzene-diluted dimethyl acetal-based electrolyte with significantly enhanced stability towards Li metal under a reduced Li salt concentration.

In the NATION-1907 trial, treatment of patients with resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with the anti-PD-L1 agent adebrelimab was safe and showed preliminary overall survival efficacy, with responders exhibiting an immune-enriched tumor microenvironment phenotype at baseline.

Multiomics joint analyses based on a structural variant (SV) map from 16 genome assemblies and 2,105 resequenced accession genomes shed light on the regulatory effect of SVs on gene expression and trait variation in Brassica napus.

Sun et al. demonstrate that increasing task demand strengthens phase-specific top-down interactions between frontoparietal regions and primary somatosensory cortex, revealing that primary sensory cortex actively supports both maintenance and manipulation in tactile working memory rather than serving only as a sensory encoder.

scXDR is a heterogeneous network transfer learning model for predicting drug responses across single-cell datasets. It integrates drug, gene, and cell features and outperforms existing methods, supporting precision treatment at the cell level.