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E. coli sequence type 131 is a significant cause of community-onset infection. Here, the authors perform a prospective household-based cohort study in Singapore including samples from humans, companion animals, the environment, and food, to characterise transmission and carriage dynamics.

Polygenic scores for body mass index and obesity constructed using data from 5 million people with different ancestries were associated with distinct weight gain trajectories from early childhood to adulthood.

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care handles short-term ones. Here, authors show chronic conditions account for most of the global health burden, with 68% of DALYs and 93% of YLDs attributed to chronic care needs.

This analysis of whole-genome sequencing data from 421 multiple myeloma samples elucidates the timing of key genomic events and shows associations between the timing of 1q gain and clinical outcome.

Subtle changes in solvent composition control peptide crystal polymorphism, enabling the formation of distinct structures and offering new insights for designing advanced bio-inspired materials.

The mechanisms that regulate the initiation of DNA replication in archaea are poorly understood. Here, Dhanaraju et al. identify a sequence element and its interacting protein required for DNA replication initiation in the model archaeon Sulfolobus islandicus.

Loss of RNF20 is associated with aggressive cancer phenotypes. Here the authors show that Rnf20 haploinsufficiency leads to the formation of lung tumours due to defective DNA repair and HIF1α-mediated metabolic rewiring.

The impact of breakage fusion bridge (BFB) cycles on tumour heterogeneity and clinical outcomes remains poorly understood. Here, the authors develop OM2BFB, an algorithm to detect and reconstruct BFB amplifications using optical genome maps and use it to study BFB events across 2557 primary tumours and cancer cell lines.

Recent estimates of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake are generally unavailable. Here the authors show a global SSBs intake of 2.7 servings/week in 2018 in adults (range: 0.7 South Asia, 7.8 Latin America/Caribbean); intakes were higher among males, younger, more educated, and urban adults.

A genome-wide association meta-analysis study of blood lipid levels in roughly 1.6 million individuals demonstrates the gain of power attained when diverse ancestries are included to improve fine-mapping and polygenic score generation, with gains in locus discovery related to sample size.

Hartmann et al. use ultra-high field 7 T fMRI to investigate shared neurobiological mechanisms between Crohn’s disease (CD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Their findings reveal overlapping abnormalities in brain activity and connectivity, suggesting a neuropsychological link that may inform integrated treatment strategies.

A large genome-wide association study of more than 5 million individuals reveals that 12,111 single-nucleotide polymorphisms account for nearly all the heritability of height attributable to common genetic variants.

Estimates from the Global Dietary Database indicated that 2.2 million new type 2 diabetes and 1.2 million new cardiovascular disease cases were attributable to sugar-sweetened beverages worldwide in 2020, with the highest burdens in sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean.

A large-scale CRISPR-mediated deep mutational scanning approach is used to interrogate the function of mutations in the endogenous locus of TP53 mapping to the DNA-binding domain.

An analysis based on data from the Global Dietary Database shows mean animal-sourced food intakes among children and adolescents increased modestly from 1990 to two portions per day in 2018, but remain low in sub-Saharan Africa, India and Bangladesh.

Dietary quality is reported at the global, regional and national level across 185 countries. Though diet quality increased modestly since 1990 at the global level, in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa it did not improve. In some regions, children’s dietary quality is lower than that of adults.

Electrocatalytic nitrate reduction is widely studied, but under a range of conditions, with implications on catalyst performance. Here, the authors highlight potential pitfalls in comparing across (and within) existing literature and suggest approaches to assess electrocatalysts under common conditions.

A multi-ancestry genome-wide gene–smoking interaction study identifies 13 new loci associated with serum lipids.

Clinically significant genetic variation in Asian populations is under-characterized. Here, the authors show the diversity in prevalence and spectrum of human disease and pharmacogenetic variants in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

Inbreeding depression has been observed in many different species, but in humans a systematic analysis has been difficult so far. Here, analysing more than 1.3 million individuals, the authors show that a genomic inbreeding coefficient (FROH) is associated with disadvantageous outcomes in 32 out of 100 traits tested.

Shortening of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with age and increased risk for various chronic diseases. Here, the authors report genome-wide association studies for LTL in Singaporean Chinese populations and find that longer LTL associates with less severe outcomes of respiratory disease phenotypes.

Modeling analysis from the Global Dietary Database estimated that 70% of new global cases of type 2 diabetes are attributable to suboptimal intake of 11 dietary factors, with substantial differences in dietary risks across world regions and nations.

Fibrocytes are monocyte-derived cells implicated in wound healing. Here, the authors utilise single cell RNA-seq, genetic ablation and multiplexed imaging to identify a fibrocyte population in lung cancer models, and use human lung cancer coculture systems to highlight their potential to modulate microenvironmental niche and sensitivity to endothelin blockade.

GWAS have identified more than 500 genetic loci associated with blood lipid levels. Here, the authors report a genome-wide analysis of interactions between genetic markers and physical activity, and find that physical activity modifies the effects of four genetic loci on HDL or LDL cholesterol.

Multi-ancestry meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies for self-reported physical activity during leisure time, leisure screen time, sedentary commuting and sedentary behavior at work identify 99 loci associated with at least one of these traits.

Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically improved the outcomes in patients with advanced-stage driver-negative non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), although most patients will ultimately have disease progression on these agents and the most effective treatment approach in this scenario remains uncertain. In this Review, the authors describe the outcomes in patients receiving second-line therapy for advanced-stage NSCLC and provide an overview of emerging therapies and future areas of research in this challenging clinical setting.

Khassafi et al. identify molecular subgroups of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction using transcriptomic analysis of RV samples from individuals with compensated RV hypertrophy or decompensated RV failure and two rat models of RV dysfunction. Several extracellular matrix genes found to be deregulated in decompensated RV subgroups were validated at the protein level in two independent cohorts of individuals with pulmonary arterial hypertension, revealing their predictive biomarker potential in maladaptive RV development.

Trans-ancestry meta-analysis of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from 1,046,070 individuals identifies 264 associated loci, providing a resource of molecular targets for translational research of chronic kidney disease.

Blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and more than 200 genetic loci associated with BP are known. Here, the authors perform discovery GWAS for BP in East Asians and meta-analysis in East Asians and Europeans and report ancestry-specific BP SNPs and selection signals.

The authors analyzed over 2000 polygenic scores (PGSs) to evaluate their associations with 58 baseline traits in the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) cohort.